厌恶性条件增加了短期的警,但不会改变与冲突相关的黑熊的息地使用情况
Lori Homstol1,2, Sage Raymond1, Claire Edwards1,3
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
PloS one
|January 2, 2024
概括
拒绝性调节 (AC) 在短期内增加了黑熊的警性,但不会改变它们对人类区域的使用. 有效的AC需要重复暴露和接近掩护,投射方法优于声音线索.
科学领域:
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 人与黑熊的冲突正在北美各地上升.
- 公众对非致命的管理策略有需求,例如厌恶性调节 (AC).
- AC旨在通过将负面刺激与人类存在或基础设施联系起来来阻止野生动物.
研究的目的:
- 测试厌恶条件 (AC) 在减少人与黑熊冲突方面的有效性.
- 评估AC对熊的警和息地使用的影响.
- 识别成功的AC事件的预测因素,并评估声音刺激的影响.
主要方法:
- 在不列颠哥伦比亚省,有无线电项圈的黑熊被分配到控制或治疗组.
- 厌恶性调节包括在3-5天的时间内向治疗组中的熊发射射弹.
- 焦虑是通过明显的反应和位移距离,以及对研究人员的反应来衡量的.
主要成果:
- 接受治疗的熊在AC后明显反应距离 (46.5%) 和位移距离 (69.0%) 显著增加.
- 在过去的30天里,每一次额外的AC事件都会使出发的可能性增加4.5%.
- 根据个人,靠近掩护和先前接触AC的情况,AC的成功程度有所不同;声音刺激的效果较差.
结论:
- 厌恶性调节 (AC) 有效地增强了黑熊对人类的短期警.
- AC并没有改变人类主导息地的日间使用情况,这强调了吸引人的管理的必要性.
- 防止食品变质对于长期缓解人熊冲突至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:17Classical Conditioning in Daily Life
771
Classical conditioning, a fundamental principle of associative learning, explains various phenomena observed in daily life, such as fear development, the placebo effect, taste aversion, and drug habituation. These applications demonstrate the profound impact of associative learning on human behavior and physiological responses.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
771
01:14Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness
1.7K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
1.7K
01:05Instinctive Drift
225
Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
225