相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep

Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep

Published on: January 19, 2014

现象型的转变从野生羊到家养羊

Paolo Mereu¹, Monica Pirastru², Daria Sanna¹

¹Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.

Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE

|January 3, 2024

概括

动物化始于12,000年前,涉及遗传和表型变化. 这篇评论探讨了分子机制和基因组变异驱动绵羊养特征,以绵羊/羊杂交为模型.

科学领域:

* 动物遗传学和进化生物学.
* 化科学和动物育种.

背景情况:

*动物化起源于近东12,000年前,涉及从野生祖先的逐渐遗传和表型差异.
* 化表型的关键假设涉及改变的甲状腺激素信号或与化选择相关的神经细胞变化.
*羊是最早的养动物之一,为研究养的长期进化影响提供了有价值的模型.

研究的目的:

* 审查家养羊和野生羊之间的表型差异的分子机制和基因组变异.
* 探索羊毛颜色,尾巴大小和角的存在等特征的遗传基础.
*强调羊/羊杂交物在理解与养相关的特征遗传方面的有用性.

主要方法:

*对最近关于羊养中的分子机制和基因组变异的科学文献进行批判性审查.
*对研究的分析,重点关注表型特征,如外套颜色,尾巴大小和角.
* 检查使用绵羊/羊杂交物作为模型系统的研究.

主要成果:

* 家养绵羊的表型变异受分子机制和特定基因组变异的影响.
* 甲状腺激素信号传递和神经细胞通路都与化表型有关.
* 绵羊/羊杂交提供了一个独特的模型,用于研究与养有关的特征的遗传.

结论:

* 了解羊养的分子基础可以为提高生产率的选择性繁殖提供信息.
*化涉及复杂的遗传和分子变化,目前正在进行的研究正在完善我们的理解.
* 未来对绵羊/羊杂交的研究可以对动物化过程产生重要的见解.

更多相关视频

Primordial Germ Cell Transplantation for CRISPR/Cas9-based Leapfrogging in Xenopus

Primordial Germ Cell Transplantation for CRISPR/Cas9-based Leapfrogging in Xenopus

Published on: February 1, 2018

Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice

Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice

Published on: August 10, 2018

相关概念视频

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual, the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter...

Epistasis

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...

Complementation Tests

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...

What is Natural Selection?

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.