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相关概念视频

Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

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Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.
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The Fossil Record02:56

The Fossil Record

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The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
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Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources
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人类与尼安德特人的分离与遗传树上的古代分裂有关,这也适用于人类与尼安德特人的分离.

Keren Levinstein Hallak1, Saharon Rosset2

  • 1Department of Statistics and Operations Research, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel.

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概括

我们开发了使用基因组数据和家族遗传树的新方法来估计物种最近共同祖先的时间 (TMRCA). 我们的方法比现有的工具更快,更准确,为尼安德特人和黑猩猩提供最新的TMRCA估计.

关键词:
古代人类 古代人类野兽2 在线观看黑猩猩的黑猩猩是什么意思丹尼索瓦人 丹尼索瓦人分离次数乘以分离次数线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 是指线粒体的DNA.尼安德特人是一个人.波松平价是什么意思 波松平价时间到最近的共同祖先 (TMRCA)过渡率的过渡率是什么

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Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 计算生物学 计算生物学

背景情况:

  • 估计物种的时间到最近的共同祖先 (TMRCA) 对于理解进化历史至关重要.
  • 现有的方法往往需要重建复杂的家族遗传树每次分析.
  • 准确的TMRCA估计依赖于理解基因突变率和模式.

研究的目的:

  • 为物种开发新,准确和高效的估计器TMRCAs.
  • 为了利用现有的,大规模的家族遗传树来进行TMRCA估计.
  • 为人类和大猿血统提供最新的TMRCA估计.

主要方法:

  • 开发了基于Poisson分布式转换和观察到的平价的多重估计器.
  • 利用了人类线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 遗传树 (Phylotree) 的过渡统计数据.
  • 模拟数据使用mtDNA替代统计数据来模拟现实世界的速率.

主要成果:

  • 拟议的估计器在广泛的TMRCAs中表现出高准确性.
  • 在准确性和速度上都超过了广泛使用的BEAST2软件.
  • 应用于尼安德特人,丹尼索瓦人和黑猩猩的mtDNA,产生比以前报告的更晚的TMRCA估计.

结论:

  • 这些新方法在比如BEAST2这样的现有工具上提供了显著的改进,特别是在深度分歧方面.
  • 消除了对TMRCA估计的新树重建的需要.
  • 更新的TMRCA估计表明,与现代人类相比,尼安德特人和黑猩猩的分歧时间较晚.