太空飞行中的眼部投诉和诊断
Elana Meer1,2, Seanna R Grob3,4, Kris Lehnhardt5
1Wayne and Gladys Valley Center for Vision, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. elana.meer@ucsf.edu.
NPJ microgravity
|January 3, 2024
概括
在太空飞行期间,眼睛问题很常见,眼睛刺激和异物是最常见的. 标准化这些太空飞行眼睛状况的分类对于宇航员健康至关重要.
科学领域:
- 太空医学 太空医学
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 航空航天医学 航空航天医学
背景情况:
- 美国宇航局人类系统风险委员会 (HSRB) 传统上将创伤和急性疾病作为飞行中的医疗风险优先考虑.
- 太空飞行期间的眼睛问题,创伤和投诉仍然缺乏特征,尽管它们可能对宇航员健康和任务成功产生影响.
研究的目的:
- 以回顾分析和描述宇航员在航天飞机 (STS) 和国际空间站 (ISS) 任务期间所经历的眼部投诉和条件.
- 确定在太空飞行中遇到的最常见的眼睛问题,并评估其严重程度.
主要方法:
- 通过使用来自美国宇航局生命科学数据档案 (LSDA) 和宇航员健康终身监测 (LSAH) 的数据,对眼部投诉进行了回顾性案例系列分析.
- 从135次STS任务 (1981-2011) 和63次ISS任务 (2000-2020) 的数据进行了审查和分类.
- 在61.5%的STS任务和65.1%的ISS任务中发现了眼部事件.
主要成果:
- 最常见的眼部投诉包括眼部刺激 (33.1%),异物感觉 (22.7%),干眼综合征 (15.7%) 和过度流 (7.85%).
- 一小部分 (3.72%) 的眼部事件被归类为更严重的,包括角膜炎,角膜,化学物质暴露和角膜磨损.
- 没有更严重的眼部事件需要任务疏散.
结论:
- 眼部疾病是太空飞行期间医疗事件的重要组成部分,常见的问题如刺激和异物经常被报告.
- 需要改善眼部症状和诊断的文档,以及对太空飞行眼科的标准化分类系统.
- 标准化将为宇航员提供更有效和更全面的医疗治疗,提高总体任务安全和机组人员福祉.
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