药理学研究在孤儿药物开发中的实施情况
Saki Yokoshiki1,2, Teruyo Arato3,4
1Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
Orphanet journal of rare diseases
|January 3, 2024
概括
由于未知的疾病机制和缺乏动物模型,开发孤儿药物具有挑战性. 这项研究审查了日本的孤儿药物批准,以找到有效的非临床疗效评估方法,表明灵活的研究设计可以帮助批准.
科学领域:
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 药物开发 药物开发
- 监管科学 监管科学
背景情况:
- 孤儿药物开发面临的挑战包括未知的疾病病理生理学和有限的动物模型.
- 目前美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 和欧洲药物管理局 (EMA) 的指南提供了一般的非临床研究建议,但缺乏关于物种和设计的具体细节.
- 这项研究解决了对孤儿药物的高效非临床疗效评估方法的需求.
研究的目的:
- 阐明有效的方法来评估孤儿药物的非临床疗效.
- 分析在日本批准的孤儿药物中使用的非临床研究方法.
- 确定灵活的研究设计,可以促进孤儿药的批准.
主要方法:
- 审查了2010年1月至2019年12月期间在日本批准的184种孤儿药物.
- 分析非临床研究数据,包括使用患者衍生细胞和动物模型.
- 检查在非临床评估和临床试验终点中的生物标志物利用情况.
主要成果:
- 一些抗癌孤儿药物在有限的非临床疗效数据下进入临床开发.
- 当既有模型无法使用时,使用患者衍生细胞和适应的动物模型.
- 生物标志物在评估正常动物的疗效和作为临床试验终点方面发挥了关键作用.
结论:
- 根据特定疾病特征量身定制的灵活的非临床研究设计可以有效评估孤儿药物的疗效.
- 这些可适应的方法,在当前的FDA或EMA指南中没有明确详细说明,可以有助于成功批准药物.
- 这些发现表明,克服孤儿药物的非临床开发障碍的途径.
相关概念视频
Preclinical Development: Overview
4.4K
Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
4.4K
Clinical Trials: Overview
3.0K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
3.0K
Drug Discovery: Overview
7.9K
Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
7.9K
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs
736
Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
736
Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview
472
Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
472
Drug Regulation
1.4K
Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
1.4K


