红狐和狼之间的时空相互作用在两个对比的欧洲景观中
Lorenzo Lazzeri1, F Ferretti2,3, M Churski4
1Research Unit of Behavioural Ecology, Ethology and Wildlife Management, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy. lazzerilorenzo12@gmail.com.
Scientific reports
|January 3, 2024
概括
肉食动物物种的相互作用,就像红狐和狼之间的相互作用一样,表现出由度和人类存在影响的复杂关系. 它们的时空划分和与人类的关联在不同的欧洲景观中进行了研究.
科学领域:
- 生态与保护生物学 生态与保护生物学
- 野生动物生态生态学
- 哺乳动物生态学 哺乳动物生态
背景情况:
- 肉食动物物种的相互作用是复杂的,从竞争到促进,受到度和资源可用性等因素的影响.
- 人类的存在可以改变食肉动物的行为,作为一个风险因素和人类食物资源的来源.
- 了解红狐和狼等物种之间的时空动态对于有效的野生动物管理和保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在两个不同的欧洲景观中调查红狐 (Vulpes vulpes) 和狼 (Canis lupus) 之间的时空关联.
- 为了比较这些食肉动物在Białowieża原始森林 (波兰) 和马雷玛区域公园 (意大利) 之间的划分和人类关联.
- 测试预测增加的跨物种分区和红狐吸引人类在更高的度.
主要方法:
- 利用摄像机-陷数据来分析红狐和狼之间的时空关系.
- 在两个不同的息地类型中比较了每月和每天的活动模式和空间关联.
- 评估了食肉动物检测率与人类活动指标之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 红狐和狼的时间活动模式在两个研究地点重叠,与积极相关的检测率,虽然在波兰较弱.
- 红狐在波兰 (Białowieża) 与人类活动有积极的空间关联,但在意大利 (马雷玛) 没有,主要是在月度范围内.
- 在两个研究领域观察到狼-狐关系的微弱差异,表明在大空间尺度上有可比的反应.
结论:
- 红狐对狼的反应在大型空间尺度上似乎相对一致,尽管研究区域之间的生态差异.
- 人类的存在可以影响红狐的空间分布,但这种影响依赖于规模 (每月和每天) 并可能特定于环境.
- 这项研究强调了物种间食肉动物动态的复杂性及其与人为因素的相互作用.
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