给我足够的时间练习:演示速度调节了制作效果
Ian Dauphinee1, Mathis Roy1, Dominic Guitard2
1École de Psychologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada, E1A 3E9.
Psychonomic bulletin & review
|January 3, 2024
概括
生产效应显示,大声阅读的单词在列表末尾更好地被回忆起来,但在开始时更糟糕. 这项研究证实了这种模式,特别是当排练不太可能时,支持了记忆的修订特征模型 (RFM).
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人类记忆研究 人类记忆研究
- 实验心理学 实验心理学
背景情况:
- 生产效应描述了发声物品如何增强记忆回忆.
- 修订特征模型 (RFM) 认为,发音增加了独特性,但可能会干扰排练.
- 排练在调节制作效果中的作用,特别是在列表开始时,需要进行系统的测试.
研究的目的:
- 系统地测试排练在制作效果中的作用.
- 调查如何呈现率影响生产效果在立即的连续召回.
- 评估修订功能模型 (RFM) 关于制作和排练的预测.
主要方法:
- 进行了对422篇关于生产效应在即时连续召回中的文章的系统文献审查.
- 在即时串行回忆任务中进行了一个操纵呈现速率 (500,1000,2000 ms/word) 的实验.
- 收集了关于重复精度的数据,这些数据是大声读取的项目,而不是在不同的串行位置和呈现速度上静默地呈现的项目.
主要成果:
- 一项系统审查证实了典型的生产效应模式 (在列表开始时的劣势,在列表结束时的优势).
- 实验表明,在所有呈现速度上,生产的项目具有近期优势.
- 在列表的开始处的制作劣势在最快的演示速度下降,支持了排练的作用.
结论:
- 这些发现支持了修订功能模型 (RFM),强调了项目制作,排练和演示率之间的相互作用.
- 排练在记忆清单开始时观察到的生产劣势中起着至关重要的作用.
- 该研究为RFM关于内存编码过程的理论预测提供了经验证据.
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