在国际空间站附近的外太空中,微生物在两年暴露期间的生存率
Elena A Deshevaya1, Svetlana V Fialkina1, Elena V Shubralova2
1State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation - Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Scientific reports
|January 3, 2024
概括
细菌,真菌和古生物等微生物在国际空间站 (ISS) 附近的太空中存活了两年. 他们的生存与脱水有关,有些人表现出增加的抗辐射能力和对消毒剂的改变反应.
科学领域:
- 天体生物学 天体生物学
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 太空科学 太空科学
背景情况:
- 研究微生物在外太空极端条件下的生存,对于了解地球之外的生命潜力至关重要.
- 之前的研究已经探索了微生物在太空中的生存,但对不同分类群体的长期暴露影响需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 评估Bacillus subtilis,Aureobasidium pullulans和Methanosarcina mazei S-6T在国际空间站附近的开放空间暴露两年后的生存和变异性.
- 分析微生物对环境压力因素的耐药性变化,包括辐射和化学剂,太空后暴露.
主要方法:
- 暴露微生物样本 (Bacillus subtilis,Aureobasidium pullulans,Methanosarcina mazei S-6T) 在离国际空间站近的开放空间的棉花上两年.
- 在营养介质上培养暴露的微生物,以评估生存能力和生长特征,包括与地面对照进行比较.
- 评估幸存的微生物菌株对玛辐射,过氧化和的抗性.
主要成果:
- 形成子的细菌,真菌和古生物在太空两年后证明了生存,不同分类群体的人口均减少.
- 在太空真空中脱水和部分冷化被认为是长期生存的关键因素.
- 与对照人群相比,在Methanosarcina mazei S-6T后太空暴露中观察到独特的囊状细胞和14天的生长延迟.
- 乌雷奥巴西普卢兰斯菌株对马辐射的抵抗性增加,对过氧化和的敏感性降低.
结论:
- 微生物可以在近地太空环境中长时间生存,这表明它们对真空和辐射有弹性.
- 太空暴露可以诱导微生物的显著生理和适应性变化,包括改变的抗压能力.
- 这些发现对行星保护,天体生物学和外星环境中微生物生命的潜力有影响.
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