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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

348
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
348
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
867
Language01:16

Language

229
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
229
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

337
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
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Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Published on: December 6, 2024

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使用大型语言模型驱动和抑制人类语言网络.

Greta Tuckute1,2, Aalok Sathe3,4, Shashank Srikant5,6

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. gretatu@mit.edu.

Nature human behaviour
|January 3, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

像GPT这样的大型语言模型可以预测大脑对语言的反应. 研究人员使用这些模型通过选择特定的句子来控制人类语言网络中的神经活动.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 人工智能的人工智能
  • 计算语言学 计算语言学

背景情况:

  • 变压器模型,如生成预训练变压器 (GPT),表现出类似人类的语言生成能力.
  • 这些模型已经显示出关于人类大脑对语言刺激的反应的预测能力.

研究的目的:

  • 调查基于GPT的编码模型是否可以使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 预测大脑对各种句子的反应的大小.
  • 利用该模型来识别可以驱动或抑制人类语言网络中的活动的新句子.
  • 分析影响神经活动的模型选择句子的特征.

主要方法:

  • 收集了fMRI数据,测量大脑对1000个不同的句子的反应.
  • 开发并应用基于GPT的编码模型来预测大脑反应大小.
  • 预计选择的新句子将调节语言网络活动.
  • 验证了模型选择的句子对新参与者的神经活动的影响.

主要成果:

  • 基于GPT的编码模型成功预测了fMRI测量对句子的大脑反应的大小.
  • 模型选择的小说句子显示出在人类语言领域驱动和抑制活动的显著能力.
  • 句子的惊喜性和形态良好被确定为影响语言网络响应强度的关键因素.

结论:

  • 神经网络模型,如GPT,可以准确地模仿人类语言处理.
  • 这些模型提供了一种非侵入性的方法来控制在更高层次皮质区域的神经活动,特别是人类语言网络.
  • 这些发现为使用人工智能来理解和调节复杂的认知功能提供了基础.