在社区结核病发病率下降的环境中移植后结核病风险的变化:一项基于全国人口的研究,2008-2020年
JongHoon Hyun1,2, Myeongjee Lee3, Inkyung Jung4
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials
|January 3, 2024
概括
移植接收者面临较高的结核病风险,特别是在全源造血干细胞移植后. 预防策略应考虑移植类型,年龄和社区结核病率.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 移植医学 移植医学
背景情况:
- 移植接收者免疫力受损,增加他们对结核病的脆弱性.
- 虽然韩国结核病发病率正在下降,但其移植受体的趋势尚不清楚.
- 这项研究评估了结核病风险和移植后的风险因素.
研究的目的:
- 评估移植受体中活跃结核病的风险.
- 确定与移植后结核病发展相关的特定风险因素.
- 通过使用标准化发生率比率,将接收者的结核病发病率与一般人口进行比较.
主要方法:
- 韩国医疗保险数据 (2008-2020年) 的回顾性分析.
- 包括62,484名移植接受者.
- 结核病发病率在高和低疾病负担时期的比较和标准化发病率比率的分析.
主要成果:
- 移植1年后结核病的总累积发病率为0.8%.
- 在高疾病负担期间 (1.7%在3年) 与低疾病负担期间 (1.0%) 的发病率更高.
- 同源性造血干细胞移植受体的发病率最高,其次是固体器官和自身的HSCT受体. 标准化发病率为3.9,儿童发病率最高 (9.0). 风险因素包括男性性别,年龄较大,先前的结核病,肝移植和异种性HSCT.
结论:
- 移植接受者由于免疫抑制,仍然非常容易感染结核病.
- 移植类型,接受者年龄和社区结核病流行率等因素会影响移植后结核病的风险.
- 针对性结核病预防策略对于高风险移植群体至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
244
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
244
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
240
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
240
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
180
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
180
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
143
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
143
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
332
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
332
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
1.3K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.3K