在分配行动之后,学前儿童对内在正义的回顾性和前性判断
Alessandra Geraci1, Uberta Ganucci Cancellieri1
1Department of Social and Educational Sciences of the Mediterranean Area, University for Foreigners 'Dante Alighieri' of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
The British journal of developmental psychology
|January 4, 2024
概括
幼儿园儿童早期就会对内在正义进行推理,根据行为和结果判断公平. 四岁的孩子可以做出前性判断,期望善行带来好结果,恶行带来坏结果.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 道德发展道德发展
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 对内在正义判断的发展起源的有限理解.
- 之前的研究确立了成年人的回顾性和前性判断.
研究的目的:
- 调查学龄前儿童对内在正义的回顾性和前性判断的发育起源.
- 探索在评估这些判断时使用明确和隐含的措施.
主要方法:
- 实验1:在观察公平/不公平的资源分配和随后的不幸之后,使用明确的口头任务评估了2.5岁和4岁儿童的回顾性判断.
- 实验2:通过使用明确的口头任务,探索了4岁儿童的前性判断.
- 实验3:研究了4岁儿童的前性判断,在结果被揭示之前使用隐含的达成任务.
主要成果:
- 幼儿园的孩子们在行动和不幸一致时 (不公平的分销商-不幸) 批准了应得的结果.
- 年长的学龄前儿童 (4岁) 开始不赞成不一致的结果 (公平的分销商-不幸).
- 四岁的孩子表现出前性判断能力,有利于公平的分销商的良好结果和不公平的分销商的不良结果,特别是在良好的行动后的积极结果.
结论:
- 幼儿园儿童表现出对内在正义的回顾性和前性判断能力的发展.
- 四岁的孩子在潜在的内在正义推理方面表现出了显著的能力,特别是将积极的行动与积极的结果联系起来.
- 这项研究为幼儿时代内在的正义推理提供了新的证据.
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