随着衰老和耐力训练而改变神经肌肉结合形态,调节神经肌肉传播和肌纤维组成
Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi1,2, Karina Kouzaki3, Kazushige Sasaki1
1Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
The Journal of physiology
|January 4, 2024
概括
衰老会损害神经肌肉结 (NMJ) 的结构和功能,减少肌肉的强度. 耐力训练可以保持NMJ的完整性和功能,减轻与年龄相关的肌肉衰退,提高老年人的力量.
科学领域:
- 神经肌肉生物学 神经肌肉生物学
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 神经肌肉结 (NMJ) 对肌肉功能至关重要,但其结构和功能随着年龄的增长而下降.
- NMJ的形态变化与神经肌肉传输和肌肉特性受损有关,但直接的功能证据有限.
研究的目的:
- 研究衰老和耐力训练对NMJ结构,神经肌肉传播和肌纤维特性的影响.
- 在老年小鼠中建立NMJ形态和神经肌肉功能之间的直接关系.
主要方法:
- 对NMJ结构,神经肌肉传导 (扭矩比率) 和肌纤维组成在年轻,老年对照和老年耐力训练小鼠中的比较分析.
- 通过坐骨神经和直接肌肉刺激进行神经肌肉传播的体内评估.
- 评估前至后突触性NMJ重叠和肌纤维类型在肌肉中的比例.
主要成果:
- 与年轻和训练有素的老年小鼠相比,老年小鼠表现出较低的神经肌肉传播和减少的NMJ前后突触重叠.
- 神经肌肉传播与握力和NMJ重叠正相关.
- 耐力训练部分防止了与年龄相关的脱皮,特别是在快速缩纤维中,并使肌纤维组成正常化.
结论:
- 与年龄相关的NMJ结构恶化会损害神经肌肉传播,改变肌纤维特征,导致肌肉强度降低.
- 耐力训练可以通过改善NMJ结构和功能来改善这些与年龄相关的变化.
- NMJ是与年龄相关的骨肌肉衰退的关键决定因素,耐力运动是一个重要的对策.
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