相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Published on: July 6, 2012

关于tRNA丰度对牛组织的翻译延长的影响

Anna K Goldkamp¹, Darren E Hagen¹

¹Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.

Frontiers in genetics

|January 4, 2024

概括

同义词单核酸多态 (SNPs) 可以通过影响翻译效率来改变蛋白质水平. 这项研究揭示了tRNA丰富度和特定的暂停点如何调节牛组织中的基因表达和蛋白质合成.

科学领域:

分子生物学分子生物学
遗传学是一个遗传学.
基因表达规范基因表达规范

背景情况:

翻译是一个关键的基因表达步骤,作为一个调节层,影响蛋白质的生产和功能.
高度表达的基因往往表现出密码子偏差,将密码子的使用与tRNA丰富度相关联,以实现高效的蛋白质合成.
同义词单核酸多态 (SNPs) 可以通过改变子-tRNA配对来影响翻译效率和蛋白质丰富性.

研究的目的:

在牛组织中研究tRNA表达和翻译速度之间的关系.
识别以组织特异的方式在转录和/或翻译水平调节的基因.
在转录中定义可以调节翻译速率和蛋白质折叠的暂停位.

主要方法:

使用定量成熟tRNA测序 (QuantM-tRNAseq) 来评估tRNA表达水平.
用核糖体概况分析分析了不同牛组织的翻译活动.
整合测序数据以将tRNA丰度与转化暂停站点相关联.

主要成果:

在转录和转化层面确定了组织特异性基因调制.
在mRNA转录中定义了不同的暂停位,可能编码用于翻译的监管信息.
建立了tRNA表达模式和识别翻译暂停站点之间的联系.

结论:

这项研究提供了牛组织特定的休息点图谱,提供了对子最佳性的见解.
这些发现突出了tRNA丰富度和mRNA暂停部位在调节蛋白质合成中的作用.
了解这些机制对于理解基因表达和蛋白质功能的组织特异调节至关重要.

关键词:

牛肉类的牛肉类的牛肉类.基因调节基因调节基因调节核糖体造型分析是指核糖体造型.这是一个tRNARNA.翻译翻译翻译翻译翻译翻译

更多相关视频

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

Published on: April 30, 2014

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

相关概念视频

Improving Translational Accuracy

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...

Initiation of Translation

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

Leaky Scanning

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...

Translation

Translation

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure. Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...

Termination of Translation

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...