利用神经网络的灵活性来预测人类选择行为背后的动态理论参数
Yoav Ger1, Eliya Nachmani2,3, Lior Wolf4
1Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
PLoS computational biology
|January 4, 2024
概括
我们开发了一个新的理论-RNN (t-RNN) 框架,将强化学习 (RL) 与神经网络结合起来. 这种方法增强了对人类行为和动态RL参数估计的预测.
科学领域:
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 强化学习 (RL) 模型被广泛用于研究人类行为,优先考虑解释性而不是预测准确性.
- 神经网络模型具有很高的预测能力,但往往缺乏可解释性,限制了它们在理论行为分析中的使用.
研究的目的:
- 将神经网络的灵活性和预测能力与理论RL模型的表达力相结合.
- 引入一个新的框架,理论-RNN (t-RNN),用于增强行为预测和动态RL参数推断.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个理论-RNN (t-RNN) 框架,使用由RL代理人人工数据训练的循环神经网络.
- 该t-RNN模型被训练来预测试验一试验的行为,并推断随时间变化的理论RL参数.
- 使用合成数据验证了t-RNN方法,并将其应用于两个独立的人类行为数据集.
主要成果:
- t-RNN框架成功预测了未见的行为,并在研究中动态估计了RL参数.
- 应用于人类数据,t-RNN揭示了精神病患者和健康人群之间的RL参数的动态差异.
- 证明人类探索策略根据任务阶段和难度有动态变化,正如t-RNN所捕获的那样.
- 在动作预测准确度方面,t-RNN始终优于静止最大概率RL方法.
结论:
- 理论-RNN (t-RNN) 框架有效地将神经网络灵活性与RL理论相结合,以改进行为建模.
- 这种方法有助于估计潜在的RL参数,这些参数是复杂选择行为的基础.
- 神经网络为推进认知和计算神经科学中的理论RL建模提供了一个强大的工具.
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