宇航员候选人,类似候选人和本科生对象在保留和转移方面进行比较
Aerospace medicine and human performance
|January 4, 2024
概括
宇航员候选人和类似的成年人比本科生在认知负载下更好地保留了知识和技能. 然而,宇航员候选人在感知运动任务中经历了更多的负面转移.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人类因素工程 人类因素工程
- 航空航天医学 航空航天医学
背景情况:
- 了解长期知识和技能保留对于高绩效职业至关重要.
- 认知负载显著影响学习,记忆和复杂任务的转移.
- 以前的研究还没有完全探索宇航员候选人的这些因素.
研究的目的:
- 检查宇航员候选人的知识和技能的长期保留和转移.
- 为了研究认知负载对宇航员候选人的保留和转移的影响.
- 将宇航员候选人与类似候选人的比较小组和本科生进行比较.
主要方法:
- 在500天的时间里,员工执行了感知运动 (数据输入) 和记忆更新任务.
- 操纵内在的认知负载 (感知运动任务) 和外在的认知负载 (记忆任务).
- 评估性能,速度,认知负载影响和转移效应 (正/负).
主要成果:
- 宇航员候选人和类似候选人的科目在准确性和速度方面表现优于本科生,认知负载的影响较小.
- 宇航员候选人和候选人样子的人在记忆任务中表现出卓越的记忆和转移能力.
- 与本科生相比,宇航员候选人和类似候选人的受试者在感知运动任务上经历了更多的负面转移.
结论:
- 类似候选人的科目是宇航员候选人表现的有效代理,特别是在认知负载和负面转移方面.
- 认知负载对不同任务和参与者群体的表现和转移有不同的影响.
- 长期的保留和转移是复杂的,受任务类型,认知负载和个人差异的影响.
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