专家和新手如何通过语言使用来判断其他人的知识能力
Alexander H Bower1, Nicole Han2,3, Ansh Soni2
1Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Psychonomic bulletin & review
|January 4, 2024
概括
人们可以根据语言来判断他人的知识,专家可以区分真实和虚假的陈述. 新手专注于陈述数量,影响错误信息处理.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 评估他人的知识对于社会互动和信息处理至关重要.
- 语言使用是判断专业知识的主要,但尚未研究的提示.
研究的目的:
- 调查基于语言判断知识的准确性.
- 为了确定更有知识的人是否使用不同的语言线索进行判断.
主要方法:
- 参与者 ("信息人") 回答了一般知识问题,并描述了图像.
- 另一组 ("评估者") 根据他们的描述来判断信息者的知识.
- 评估人员还回答了一般知识问题.
主要成果:
- 评估人员发现有更多知识的告密者超过了机会 (65%的准确性与一个描述).
- 较少知识的评估者专注于陈述数量 (真或假).
- 更有知识的评估者区分真假陈述,惩罚虚假陈述的具体性.
结论:
- 语言特异性是知识的强大指标,但它的解释因专业知识而异.
- 专家和初学者对错误信息的处理基于评估性语言线索而有所不同.
- 研究结果强调了语言在社会认知和知识评估中的细微作用.
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