草原犬在最初的Yersinia pestis入侵期间对载体控制和疫苗接种的反应
David A Eads1, Dean E Biggins1, Shantini Ramakrishnan1
1U. S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C, Fort Collins, CO 80526, United States.
International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife
|January 5, 2024
概括
瘟疫细菌 (Yersinia pestis) 迅速入侵了草原犬种群. 控制跳提高了生存率,并且疫苗接种为女性提供了额外的好处,但不是男性.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 瘟疫是由Yersinia pestis引起的,对野生动物群体构成重大威胁.
- 黑尾草原狗 (BTPD) 是北美草原的一个关键物种.
- 了解疾病入侵动态和缓解策略对于保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在BTPD群体中评估Yersinia pestis的入侵速度.
- 确定跳控制和瘟疫疫苗接种在提高BTPD生存率方面的有效性.
- 调查干预措施对男性和女性BTPDs的影响差异.
主要方法:
- 2007年至2009年在南达科他州进行的实地研究,采样了Yersinia pestis入侵前,期间和之后的BTPD.
- 在未经处理的对照地块与未经处理的对照地块上每年使用deltamethrin粉尘来控制跳.
- 用实验性瘟疫疫苗 (F1-V融合蛋白) 或安慰剂对成年BTPD进行皮下注射.
主要成果:
- 在被尘埃覆盖的地块上,跳的流行和强度显著降低 (69-97%).
- 与对照片相比,在被尘埃覆盖的地块上,每年BTPD再次遇到的比例比对照片高150%.
- 接种疫苗使成年女性的复发率增加了55% (有尘的地块),但在成年男性中降低了19%.
结论:
- 耶尔西尼亚瘟疫的入侵是快速而严重的,导致未经处理的地区几乎被除.
- 在瘟疫爆发期间,控制跳对于BTPD生存至关重要,但不能提供完整的保护.
- 跳控制和疫苗接种对成年雌性存活的增加有好处,而接种疫苗的雄性存活率下降,需要进一步调查.
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