低剂量的X射线辐射诱导了适应性反应:这是对银河系宇宙辐射暴露的潜在对策
Siena Edwards1, Jessica Adams1, Anastasia Tchernikov1
1AresVallis LLC, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Experimental physiology
|January 5, 2024
概括
用低剂量X射线预先调节细胞,可以提供对随后高剂量辐射暴露的保护,包括太空辐射. 这种适应性反应可以为开发对太空旅行健康风险的对策提供见解.
科学领域:
- 太空医学 太空医学
- 辐射生物学 辐射生物学
- 细胞适应 细胞适应
背景情况:
- 太空探索带来了重大的健康风险,主要来自银河系宇宙辐射 (GCR),这是已知的致癌物.
- 目前在长期太空任务期间减轻慢性GCR暴露的策略是不够的.
- 银河系宇宙辐射 (GCR) 包含高能质子和重电离粒子.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究低剂量辐射对随后高剂量辐射暴露的前置条件的保护作用.
- 确定低剂量X射线诱导的适应性反应是否可以减轻GCR造成的损伤.
- 探索太空探索中辐射风险的潜在对策.
主要方法:
- 用不同剂量的X射线 (0.11.0 Gy) 预处理H9C2细胞.
- 随后,细胞被高剂量的X射线 (8 Gy) 或模拟的GCR (75 cGy) 挑战.
- 用细胞翻倍时间测定来评估细胞活力.
主要成果:
- 高剂量的X射线暴露显著增加了细胞翻倍时间.
- 低剂量X射线预处理改善了由8 Gy X射线引起的细胞倍增时间的增加.
- GCR暴露也显著增加了细胞翻倍时间;0.5和1.0 Gy的预处理提供了保护.
结论:
- 低剂量X射线预处理可以诱导适应性反应,对随后的高剂量X射线和GCR暴露提供部分保护.
- 这些发现表明,低剂量辐射激活的潜在细胞信号通路可以作为对策的目标.
- 虽然这不是直接的对策,但这项研究提供了有关太空探索的细胞放射电阻的见解.
更多相关视频
08:23An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Published on: December 25, 2021
4.9K
11:24Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
Published on: July 3, 2015
11.1K
相关概念视频
Biological Effects of Radiation
15.5K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
15.5K
Mutations
37.8K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
37.8K
X-ray Imaging
5.5K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
5.5K
Types of Radioactivity
16.8K
The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
16.8K
Radiation: Applications
1.2K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
The average...
1.2K
Mismatch Repair
4.9K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
4.9K
