根据母亲的艾滋病毒状况,母乳养时间的差异:对撒哈拉以南非洲国家代表性调查的综合分析
Robert Glaubius1, John Stover1, Leigh F Johnson2
1Center for Modeling, Planning and Policy Analysis, Avenir Health, Glastonbury, CT.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
|January 5, 2024
概括
撒哈拉以南非洲艾滋病毒感染者 (MLHIV) 的母亲的母乳养时间比艾滋病毒阴性母亲的母乳养时间更短. 这影响了儿童的艾滋病毒估计,强调了需要支持MLHIV的母乳养实践和治疗坚持的需要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 哺乳对于儿童的生存至关重要,但如果母体艾滋病毒未被抑制,则可能导致母婴艾滋病毒传播的风险.
- 哺乳时间是影响艾滋病毒感染者母亲 (MLHIV) 出生的婴儿艾滋病毒发病率的一个关键因素.
- 母亲的艾滋病毒状况可能会影响母乳养的做法和持续时间.
研究的目的:
- 分析撒哈拉以南非洲的MLHIV中母乳养持续时间的模式.
- 为了比较MLHIV和HIV阴性母亲之间的母乳养实践.
- 评估随着时间的推移,母乳养时间的趋势与母亲的艾滋病毒状况有关.
主要方法:
- 对2003-2019年31个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的全国代表性家庭调查数据进行了综合分析.
- 包括艾滋病毒检测和母乳养实践数据.
- 适应生存模型,以估计四个非洲地区的母乳养时间,按国家,年份和母乳艾滋病毒状况.
主要成果:
- 2010年,在MLHIV患者中,初始母乳养的区域性差异 (69.1%-93.4%),平均持续时间从15.6个月 (南非) 到22.0个月 (东非).
- 艾滋病毒阴性母亲的初始母乳养率更高 (91.0%-98.7%),平均持续时间更长 (18.3-24.6个月).
- 从2005年至2015年,大多数地区的初始母乳养和中位持续时间都呈现下降趋势,无论母亲的艾滋病毒感染状况如何.
结论:
- 撒哈拉以南非洲的MLHIV患者较少开始母乳养,而且母乳养的时间较短,与HIV阴性母亲相比.
- 自2020年以来,联合国艾滋病规划署 (UNAIDS) 的艾滋病毒估计包括了艾滋病毒暴露的婴儿在母乳养期间更短的暴露时间.
- 支持MLHIV对于最佳的母乳养实践和坚持抗逆转录病毒治疗来预防产后艾滋病毒传播至关重要.
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