在一个不平衡的量子流体中,波动-消散关系
T R Kirkpatrick1, D Belitz2,3
1Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
Physical review letters
|January 5, 2024
概括
一个通用的波动分散定理 (FDT) 适用于具有温度梯度的非平衡稳定状态 (NESS). 这允许对远程相关性进行实验探测,揭示了超出热波动的内在系统刚性.
科学领域:
- 统计力学 统计力学
- 凝聚物质物理学 凝聚物质物理学
- 非平衡的热力学 热力学
背景情况:
- 波动分散定理 (FDT) 是平衡统计力学的一个基石,它与平衡波动的系统反应有关.
- 将FDT扩展到非平衡系统,特别是非平衡稳定状态 (NESS),仍然是一个重大挑战.
- 对于各种领域来说,了解远离平衡的系统中的相关性和响应至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查非平衡稳定状态 (NESS) 系统的一般化波动-分散定理 (FDT) 的存在和性质.
- 建立一个框架,以实验性地探测这些系统中的远程相关性.
- 阐明这些相关性的起源,将它们与热波动区分开来.
主要方法:
- 在非平衡稳定状态 (NESS) 中,具有恒定的温度梯度的流体的理论分析.
- 将通用FDT与双线响应相关的交换器相关函数推导.
- 识别实验可观测物和响应函数用于探测系统属性.
主要成果:
- 对于温度梯度的NESS中的流体,已被证明存在一个通用的FDT.
- 这种概括的FDT将交流器相关函数与可观测产物的双线反应连接起来.
- 该研究揭示了观察到的相关性是NESS固有的,并表明了普遍的刚性,而不仅仅是热波动.
结论:
- 这些发现为使用响应测量对非平衡系统的实验研究提供了理论基础.
- 一般化的FDT为远离平衡的稳定状态下维持的系统的基本性质提供了新的见解.
- 一般化的刚性概念突出了NESS的独特特征,超出了传统的热力学描述.
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