人类类肠道微生物群的功能性宿主特异性适应
M C Rühlemann1,2, C Bang3, J F Gogarten4,5,6,7
1Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany. m.ruehlemann@ikmb.uni-kiel.de.
Nature communications
|January 5, 2024
概括
人类肠道微生物群体与猿类相比,具有独特的微生物群体,随着发展的增加,人类的多样性正在丧失. 进化包括获得新微生物和失去其他微生物,塑造我们的肠道.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 微生物组研究的研究.
- 人类进化人类的进化.
背景情况:
- 了解人类肠道微生物组的演变是理解人类发展的关键.
- 将人类的肠道微生物与我们最近的亲戚的肠道微生物进行比较,可以提供进化见解.
研究的目的:
- 分析肠道微生物群的分类学和功能变化,在人类的进化时间尺度上.
- 推断人类肠道微生物组的进化轨迹.
主要方法:
- 来自各种人类群体和非人类猿类 (黑猩猩,红猩猩,大猩猩) 的便样本的高分辨率元基因组分析.
- 对微生物组的组成和功能进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 与人类相关的种类在非人类猿中被耗尽,这表明在人类进化过程中获得了微生物类.
- 人类人口显示肠道微生物群多样性的丧失,与高的人类发展指数相关.
- 在人类中,微生物和宿主之间的共同原生模式被破坏,这表明了显著的进化分歧.
结论:
- 人的肠道微生物组通过获得新型微生物和丧失多样性而进化,特别是在发达种群中.
- 水平基因转移,基因丢失和适应微空气条件影响了人类肠道微生物组的进化.
- 特定的微生物种群和功能性适应与宿主系系相关,为不同的原始人肠道微生物提供了洞察力.
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