在衰老的哺乳动物大脑中,蛋白质循环减缓
Nalini R Rao1, Arun Upadhyay1, Jeffrey N Savas2
1Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Molecular systems biology
|January 5, 2024
概括
衰老会破坏细胞蛋白质的循环,特别是在大脑中,有性别特异的模式. 这项研究揭示了与蛋白质循环减少相关的蛋白质酶活性与年龄相关的变化.
科学领域:
- 蛋白质组学是指蛋白质组学.
- 生物老龄化 生物老龄化
- 细胞平衡是细胞的平衡.
背景情况:
- 有效的蛋白质循环对于维持细胞健康和器官功能至关重要.
- 蛋白质平衡或蛋白质平衡的丧失是衰老的关键特征,导致蛋白质周转率受损.
- 了解与年龄有关的蛋白质循环变化对于解决与年龄相关的细胞功能障碍至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在体内研究整个衰老谱中蛋白质循环的动态.
- 为了比较不同组织 (包括大脑,心脏和肝脏) 的依赖年龄的蛋白质循环模式.
- 探索性别特异性差异和细胞区参与与年龄相关的蛋白质循环变化.
主要方法:
- 在不同年龄组的小鼠中使用连续的体内代谢稳定同位素标记.
- 分析了可溶和不可溶的蛋白质组,以评估蛋白质的循环和识别错误折叠的蛋白质.
- 研究了蛋白质酶活性,其子单元周转率和衰老之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 大脑蛋白质组表现出与年龄相关的独特的周转率波动,与心脏和肝脏组织不同.
- 老化大脑中的蛋白质循环趋势显示了与细胞区相关的性别特异变化.
- 几个细胞区的皮周转与蛋白质错折有关,特别是在不溶性蛋白质组中.
- 蛋白质酶活性与年龄相关的变化与核心蛋白质分解子单元的周转相关.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了一个全面的蛋白质在衰老过程中蛋白质周转的全蛋白质图.
- 单个蛋白质酶子单元的周转和与年龄相关的蛋白质酶活性下降之间存在显著的联系.
- 这些发现提供了对与年龄相关的蛋白质稳定性损失背后的分子机制的见解.
相关概念视频
Amyloid Fibrils
9.6K
Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins. Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils.
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
9.6K
Aging
54
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
54
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
3.8K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.8K
Long-term Depression
2.5K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
2.5K
The Unfolded Protein Response
4.6K
The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
4.6K


