患有自闭症谱系障碍的幼儿的智力发展:一项纵向研究
Eleni Peristeri1, Maria Andreou2
1Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, School of English, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
概括
自闭症智能概况显示出变化. 社会经济地位显著影响自闭症和神经类型儿童的智力功能随着时间的推移而发生的变化.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿童精神病学 儿童精神病学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 与不同的智力特征有关.
- 在自闭症儿童的智力功能和影响因素的纵向变化仍未得到充分研究.
- 在自闭症中,社会经济地位 (SES) 和智力发展之间的相互作用需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 检查自闭症儿童智力概况的纵向变化.
- 在自闭症中识别智力功能独特的发展轨迹.
- 探索社会经济地位对自闭症和神经类型儿童智力变化的影响.
主要方法:
- 长度研究涉及39名自闭症和39名神经类型儿童 (年龄为5-9岁).
- 在4年时间内进行了两次智商评估,测量了口头 (VIQ),表现 (PIQ) 和全尺度智商 (FSIQ).
- 无监督的K-means集群用于识别具有明显智商变化模式的子组;分析了SES和自闭症严重程度.
主要成果:
- 自闭症儿童显示出不同的智商轨迹:一个群体经历了显著的PIQ下降,另一个群体在所有分数上有所改善,第三个群体显示出VIQ的改善 (与更高的母亲教育相关).
- 神经类型儿童主要在所有智商指标上表现出改善,其中一个小小的子组经历了PIQ下降.
- 社会经济地位与自闭症和神经类型群体的智商变化有显著的相关性.
结论:
- 自闭症的智力发展是复杂和异质的,挑战单一的发展途径.
- 在分析自闭症的智力变化时,社会经济多样性是需要考虑的关键因素.
- 了解这些复杂性需要一个细微的方法,考虑到个人背景特征.
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