小孩子的冷热执行功能问题:将自我调节过程与新出现的临床症状联系起来
Kate L Anning1,2, Kate Langley3, Christopher Hobson3
1School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. anningk@cardiff.ac.uk.
European child & adolescent psychiatry
|January 6, 2024
概括
患有自我调节 (SR) 困难的儿童表现出认知控制和决策能力受损. 这些缺陷预测特定的童年障碍,如ADHD,抑郁症和ODD,有助于理解和诊断.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知神经科学是一种认知神经科学.
背景情况:
- 自我调节 (SR) 困难与儿童疾病 (如ADHD,ODD,焦虑和抑郁症) 有关.
- 由于不同的术语,任务和诊断异质性,现有研究面临着挑战.
- 研究领域标准 (RDoC) 框架为整合SR研究提供了一个潜在的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 通过RDoC框架检查幼儿的SR过程.
- 研究不同症状的儿童的认知控制和决策.
- 确定RDoC调整的任务是否可以预测特定的童年障碍.
主要方法:
- 4-8岁的孩子有或没有老师报告的学校问题 (n=242) 完成了认知任务.
- 父母填写了评估ADHD,ODD,焦虑和抑郁症状的问卷 (n=191).
- 在RDoC框架内,因子分析检查了任务执行和诊断类别之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 患有中度至高中学业问题的儿童表现出较差的视觉运动控制和决策能力.
- 因子分析证实了任务变量的RDoC维度.
- 认知控制缺陷预测ADHD症状;寻求奖励预测了ODD和抑郁症.
结论:
- 以RDoC为指导的认知过程评估提高了对儿童SR困难的理解.
- 这种方法可以区分疾病特异性和跨诊断性SR缺陷.
- 这些发现支持RDoC在解释与SR挑战相关的各种临床症状方面的实用性.
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