人工智能算法的偏好:在不确定性下的自动化决策中需要相关的风险态度
1Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
概括
人工智能 (AI) 可以帮助决策,但可能会嵌入与实际用户不一致的风险态度. 人工智能系统的透明度和可调节的风险偏好对于准确的决策支持至关重要.
科学领域:
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 风险管理 风险管理
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 通过数据分析和自动建议,为降低风险和改进决策提供了巨大的潜力.
- 规范性AI算法面临挑战,特别是当数据不完整或不准确时,以及在不确定性下结合风险态度时.
- 当人工智能系统中嵌入的风险态度不准确地反映最终用户或受决策影响者的偏好时,就会出现一个关键问题.
研究的目的:
- 突出决策者的风险偏好与AI系统中编程的风险态度之间的差异.
- 倡导人工智能决策支持工具中对风险参数进行更大的透明度和用户控制.
主要方法:
- 在不确定性下对AI决策过程的概念分析.
- 探索AI算法中风险态度差异的来源.
- 制定简化案例研究,说明所发现的问题.
主要成果:
- 人工智能算法本质上嵌入了风险态度,这可能与实际决策者的偏好不一致.
- 这种错位可能会导致低于最佳或不适当的决策,特别是在医学等关键领域和竞争性帆船等复杂操作中.
- 选择选项和专家投入的过程影响了嵌入式风险态度.
结论:
- 确保人工智能决策与用户的风险偏好保持一致,需要使人工智能风险因素透明和可调节.
- 建议包括提高AI参数的可访问性,并在模型中实现用户驱动的偏好调整.
- 解决这种差异对于人工智能在风险管理和决策支持中的负责任和有效部署至关重要.
更多相关视频
05:48The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
Published on: June 12, 2020
5.8K
09:07Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations
Published on: September 16, 2015
9.0K
相关概念视频
01:20Decision Making
112
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
112
01:37Reason and Intuition
6.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.5K
01:08The Availability Heuristic
6.0K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.0K
01:14Decision Making: Traditional Method
4.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.0K
01:09Decision Making: P-value Method
5.4K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.4K
01:25The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic
7.2K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.2K