与COVID-19相关的过度死亡率 - 目前证据的概述
Aleksander Zińczuk1, Maria Rorat1, Tomasz Jurek1
1Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii
|January 8, 2024
概括
过度死亡,衡量大流行影响,到2021年全球达到1490万. 诸如卫生系统压力和社会距离规则等因素在COVID-19大流行期间对这种死亡率做出了重大贡献.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 卫生系统研究 卫生系统研究
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 流行病严重影响全球卫生系统.
- 过度死亡,代表观察到和预期死亡之间的差异,为评估与流行病相关的健康负担提供了可靠的指标.
- 据估计,在2020-2021年期间,全球有1490万个过度死亡,这突显了大流行的广泛影响力.
研究的目的:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间定义过度死亡率并确定其主要驱动因素.
- 分析导致超出直接SARS-CoV-2感染的死亡率增加的多方面的因素.
主要方法:
- 该研究涉及对COVID-19大流行期间报告的过剩死亡数据和贡献因素的全面分析.
- 通过对全球卫生系统反应,政策影响和外部灾害影响的审查,确定了关键因素.
主要成果:
- 确定了导致过度死亡的重要因素,包括:不可靠的死亡登记,过度负担的卫生系统 (特别是在低收入和中等收入国家),以及减少非COVID-19医疗保健的机会.
- 社会距离和封锁措施与精神疾病和成死亡人数的增加有关.
- 还注意到政治和媒体对接种疫苗接受的影响以及同时发生的自然灾害的影响.
结论:
- 有效的流行病应对需要准确识别影响过度死亡的特定国家因素.
- 量身定制的对策对于减轻当前大流行病的直接影响和为未来的健康威胁做好准备至关重要.
- 减少过度死亡率需要采取整体方法,解决卫生系统的弹性,公众信任和社会经济因素.
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