从鱼到人类的CD4和LAG-3:具有对立功能动机的相关分子
Fumio Takizawa1, Keiichiro Hashimoto2, Ryuichiro Miyazawa3
1Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui, Japan.
Frontiers in immunology
|January 8, 2024
概括
这项研究揭示了CD4和LAG-3免疫分子对于脊椎动物免疫至关重要,甚至在鱼中也有相反的功能. 这突显了免疫激活和抑制之间的进化平衡.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- CD4和LAG-3是MHCII类分子的相关免疫受体.
- 它们的功能差异源于不同的细胞质尾部动图:CD4具有激活动图,而LAG-3具有抑制动图.
研究的目的:
- 研究CD4和LAG-3在各种脊椎动物物种的进化存在和功能动机,包括鱼和原始光鱼.
- 在不同的脊椎动物血统中比较CD4和LAG-3的基因组位置,表达模式和细胞质尾部图案.
主要方法:
- 鱼和原始光鱼的CD4和LAG-3基因的识别和测序.
- 对基因表达模式的分析,特别是在甲状腺.
- 在CD4和LAG-3的细胞质尾巴内保存的动图的生物信息分析.
主要成果:
- 标识了鱼LAG-3,和鱼CD4类基因显示了与其他脊椎动物的CD4相似之处.
- 与LAG-3不同的是,护士和阴云鱼的胸腺中CD4表达最高,而LAG-3则高.
- 在光鱼和鱼类中发现了保存的功能性基因 (CD4的Cx(C/H,与LAG-3的ITIM类似),在光鱼中发现了额外的新型基因CD4-1和CD4-2.
结论:
- 自鱼以来,CD4和LAG-3分子都存在,它们具有看似相反的功能,这强调了它们在脊椎动物免疫力中的重要性.
- 进化已经塑造了CD4和LAG-3,通过获得超出其正规序列的功能动机.
- 这些发现强调了免疫系统需要平衡激活和抑制,这涉及整个进化过程中的权衡.
关键词:
CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD2 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD2 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD2 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 CD4 is located located located located in the area of the property is located in the area of the property.在 ITIM ITIM 里面.现场行动组-3激活动机的激活动机是什么细胞质尾巴细胞质尾巴进化 演化 演化 演化 演化 演化 演化 演化一个抑制动机的抑制动机.鱼鱼是什么意思
相关概念视频
01:31Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules
3.3K
Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
3.3K
01:22T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
740
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
740
01:26Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
498
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
498
01:30Assembly of Signaling Complexes
5.8K
Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
5.8K
01:28Diversity of Antigen Receptors
592
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
592
01:20Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions
6.8K
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily involved...
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily involved...
6.8K