飞基因组学将牙的确定的和不确定的生长联系在一起
Zachary T Calamari1,2,3,4, Andrew Song1,5, Emily Cohen1,6
1Baruch College, City University of New York, One Bernard Baruch Way, New York, NY 10010, USA.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|January 8, 2024
概括
研究人员研究了鸟的牙基因进化,以了解牙根的形成. 他们发现特定的基因,DSPP和AQP1,可以解释物种之间不断生长的牙的差异.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 连续的牙生长是哺乳动物进化的一个关键特征,但干细胞对其遗传调节的理解甚微.
- 在小鼠中研究牙根形成过程中的牙干细胞损失是具有挑战性的,因为牙根形成和牙模式的遗传信号重叠.
- 带有进化的扎根和未扎根牙的飞物种提供了研究根部发育的替代模型,因为它们具有相似的牙大小和形状.
研究的目的:
- 调查牙根形成的遗传基础和 (Glires) 的持续生长.
- 为了识别与动物和形动物物种之间牙进化相关的受选择的基因.
- 为了比较牙基因表达模式,以不同的根结构和与小鼠的飞物种之间.
主要方法:
- 组装了一个银行 (Myodes glareolus) 的 de novo基因组,具有高顶的,根植的牙.
- 在Glires (动物和形动物) 中进行了比较基因组和转录组分析.
- 分析了胚胎摩拉发育中的差异性基因选择和表达模式.
主要成果:
- 确定了15个牙基因与改变的合成和六个牙基因在Glires.
- 发现了两个基因,Dspp和Aqp1,在没有根植的牙的物种中进行了积极选择.
- 观察到 Dspp 和 Aqp1 的表达在草原 (未扎根的牙) 与银行 (扎根的牙) 相比下降,支持积极的选择和潜在的角色在根形成差异.
- 与小鼠相比,鸟的胚胎牙发育显示出保存的牙基因表达模式,具有特定物种的变异.
结论:
- 牙基因进化正在Glires中进行,这有助于不断增长的牙的融合进化.
- 像Dspp和Aqp1这样的基因的积极选择可能是飞物种之间牙根形成的差异的基础.
- 牙提供了有价值的模型,以了解牙根发育和连续生长的遗传机制.
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