道路安全干预措施的有效性:证据和差距地图
Rahul Goel1, Geetam Tiwari1, Mathew Varghese2
1Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Centre Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India.
Campbell systematic reviews
|January 8, 2024
概括
道路交通伤害 (RTIs) 每年导致超过130万人死亡,主要发生在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs). 这张证据差距地图揭示了研究的重大差异,大多数研究来自高收入国家,突出了以LMIC为重点的道路安全研究的关键需求.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 运输安全运输安全
- 证据综合 证据综合
背景情况:
- 道路交通事故 (RTIs) 是全球主要的死亡原因,不成比例地影响低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC).
- 尽管全球各方都在努力,但许多国家的RTIs仍在不断上升,这需要科学方法来解决道路安全问题,特别是当LMICs开发基础设施时.
- 来自高收入国家的证据可能不直接适用于LMICs,强调需要特定背景的研究.
研究的目的:
- 通过证据差距地图 (EGM) 识别道路安全干预措施的现有证据.
- 确定当前研究中的差距,新研究和系统审查可以提供有价值的见解.
- 通过强调有效的道路安全干预措施,指导未来的研究和政策决策.
主要方法:
- 进行了对学术数据库,组织网站和灰色文献的全面搜索,以便在2019年12月之前进行系统审查和影响评估.
- 分类干预到人为因素,道路设计/基础设施,法律框架,事故后护理和车辆因素.
- 基于结果 (致命/非致命事故) 和中间结果 (安全带/头盔使用,速度,酒精/毒品使用),研究设计,道路使用者类型和国家收入水平的分析研究.
主要成果:
- 该EGM包括1859项研究:322项系统性审查,7项协议和1530项影响评估.
- 大多数研究集中在人为因素和道路设计/基础设施上,对事故后护理和车辆因素的研究有限.
- 存在显著的偏见,有96%的研究来自高收入国家,而只有1.4%来自中低收入国家和低收入国家. 许多系统评价的质量很低.
结论:
- 目前的道路安全证据很大程度上倾向于高收入国家,为LMICs留下了关键的研究缺口.
- 在高收入国家有效的干预措施可能无法转化为LMICs,许多关键干预措施在这些背景下仍未得到充分研究.
- 由于缺乏高质量的证据和综合性,因此需要有针对性的研究,以提供有效的道路安全政策和实践信息.
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