病毒瘤基因,病毒和癌症:第三代测序的视角病毒整合到人类基因组
Ruichen Ye1,2,3, Angelina Wang4, Brady Bu5
1Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
Frontiers in oncology
|January 8, 2024
概括
包括牛津纳米孔技术 (ONT) 和太平洋生物科学 (PacBio) 在内的第三代测序提供了新的方法来研究像HPV和HBV这样的病毒如何通过整合到人类DNA并激活瘤基因来引起癌症.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
背景情况:
- 几十年来,人们已经认识到病毒感染和癌症发展之间的联系.
- 特定的病毒,如人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV),乙型肝炎和C型肝炎病毒 (HBV/HCV),爱斯坦-巴尔病毒 (EBV) 和人类T细胞白血病病毒 (HTLV-1),是已知的致癌剂.
- 这些病毒通过将其DNA集成到宿主基因组中并激活瘤基因,从而导致癌症.
研究的目的:
- 探索病毒瘤发生的分子机制.
- 审查特定病毒在人类癌症发展中的作用.
- 突出第三代测序技术对理解癌症病毒整合的影响.
主要方法:
- 审查关于病毒瘤发生和癌症的现有文献.
- 第三代测序技术的讨论:牛津纳米孔技术 (ONT) 和太平洋生物科学 (PacBio) 单分子实时 (SMRT) 测序.
- 分析这些先进的测序方法如何使病毒整合部位和宿主基因表达的高分辨率研究成为可能.
主要成果:
- 第三代测序为绘制病毒集成站点提供了前所未有的分辨率.
- 这些技术可以评估宿主基因表达和跟踪癌细胞中的克隆进化.
- ONT和PacBio测序为研究病毒瘤基因,病毒和癌症之间的复杂关系提供了新的方法.
结论:
- 第三代测序代表了研究病毒融合及其在癌症中的作用的重大进步.
- 这些技术提高了我们对病毒诱导瘤发生背后的分子机制的理解.
- 这些测序方法的进一步应用将加深对病毒相关癌症的洞察力.
相关概念视频
01:51Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
5.1K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.1K
01:03Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
5.1K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
5.1K
00:57Viral Recombination
23.4K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.4K
02:02Genomics
36.3K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
36.3K
00:36Viral Mutations
32.3K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.3K
02:33Retroviruses
12.3K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.3K