基于细胞起源或操纵过程的干细胞疗法的优缺点比较:解决免疫性问题
Sung-Ho Chang1, Chung Gyu Park2,3,4,5
1Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
Immune network
|January 8, 2024
概括
人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 异位抗原在全原细胞疗法中构成挑战,可能导致移植拒绝. 像HLA匹配或基因编辑 (例如B2MKO,CIITA KO) 等策略旨在改善细胞存活率并降低排斥风险.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 细胞疗法细胞疗法
- 移植免疫学 移植免疫学
背景情况:
- 介质细胞干细胞 (MSCs) 在自身免疫性疾病和移植中显示出治疗潜力.
- 在全基细胞上的HLA类抗原可以触发免疫反应,导致移植被拒绝,并需要重复移植.
- 目前的细胞疗法实践往往利用HLA不匹配的细胞为方便,尽管增加了免疫性.
研究的目的:
- 探索减轻HLA抗原介导免疫排斥在全原细胞疗法中的策略.
- 评估基因编辑技术的有效性,如β-2-微球蛋白淘汰 (B2MKO) 和CIITA淘汰 (CIITA KO),防止免疫排斥.
- 评估与基因编辑相关的潜在不良影响,包括瘤性.
主要方法:
- 对MSCs,HLA配原原蛋白和基因编辑技术的现有文献的审查.
- 对HLA匹配与不匹配对细胞治疗结果的影响分析.
- 对B2MKO和CIITA KO系统进行检查,以检查它们逃避T细胞免疫监视的能力.
- 在细胞治疗和潜在的免疫性方面考虑CRISPR/Cas9技术.
主要成果:
- 与HLA不匹配的MSCs相比,与HLA不匹配的MSCs相比,HLA不匹配的MSCs表现出降低活力和增加的抗原特异性T / B细胞反应.
- B2MKO系统有效地通过消除MHC I类消除CD8 T细胞的排斥,从而有效地减少MHC I类的排斥.
- 双B2M和CIITA淘汰赛 (通用捐赠细胞) 与单次淘汰赛相比,显示出优越的免疫逃避能力.
- 由于基因编辑细胞的抗原识别受损,对潜在的瘤发生性仍然存在担忧.
结论:
- 优化HLA匹配或耗尽HLA异位抗原对于提高长期异性细胞治疗生存率至关重要.
- 像B2MKO和CIITA KO这样的基因编辑策略为创建通用捐赠细胞提供了有希望的途径,但需要进一步验证安全性.
- 解决HLA类抗原识别对于减少接种体排斥和在接受全源细胞疗法的患者中重复移植的需要至关重要.
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