明显的抑制控制过程是儿童对公平的判断的基础
David M Sobel1, David G Kamper1, Joo-Hyun Song1
1Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University.
Psychological science
|January 8, 2024
概括
儿童和成人的公平性决定涉及不同的抑制过程. 覆盖范围追踪揭示了资源分配中的认知冲突解决方式如何随着年龄的增长而变化,为开发抑制控制提供了洞察力.
科学领域:
- 认知发展 认知发展
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 了解公平性和资源分配对于社会认知至关重要.
- 抑制性控制在决策中发挥着关键作用,特别是在面对相互矛盾的信息时.
- 抑制控制中的发育变化会影响社会推理.
研究的目的:
- 调查儿童和成人如何接受或拒绝资源分配的发展差异.
- 为了分离与有关公平和不公平结果的推理所涉及的不同的抑制过程.
- 评估 Reach 追踪作为抑制性控制的在线衡量措施的实用性.
主要方法:
- 利用伸展追踪方法记录资源分配任务期间的3D手指运动.
- 分离了两个抑制过程:冲突检测 (暂停反应) 和冲突解决 (解决替代反应).
- 在不同资源分布的5至8岁儿童 (N=51) 和成年人 (N=18) 中比较了抑制过程.
主要成果:
- 关于不利不平等的推理更多地依赖于冲突检测,这是整个发展过程中稳定的过程.
- 关于有利的不平等的推理更多地参与了冲突解决,显示了发展的进展.
- 在社交决策过程中, Reach 追踪有效地测量了在线抑制控制.
结论:
- 在儿童和成年人之间,支公平性判断的抑制性控制机制不同.
- 冲突检测是社会推理的基本抑制过程,存在于发育早期.
- 伸展追踪在认知和发育研究中为研究抑制控制的动态提供了有价值的工具.
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