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相关概念视频

Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
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Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

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Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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相关实验视频

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High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization
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High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization

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一个染色体尺度组装"d'Anjou"梨.

Alan Yocca1, Mary Akinyuwa2, Nick Bailey3

  • 1HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)
|January 8, 2024
PubMed
概括

创建了一个新的,高质量的欧洲梨 (Pyrus communis) 的基因组组合. 这种资源将有助于繁殖努力,并了解罗萨ceae家族的进化.

关键词:
这就是PacBio HiFi.进行比较的基因组学.基因组组装组合的基因组.哈普洛型分阶段进行.整个基因组的重复.

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Determination of Self- and Inter-incompatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses
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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 植物基因组学 植物基因组学
  • 农作物科学 农作物科学
  • 进化生物学是进化的生物学.

背景情况:

  • 种植梨 (Pyrus communis) 是一个重要的全球作物.
  • 梨的化是最近的,为基因组辅助育种提供了潜力.
  • 罗萨ceae家族中的比较基因组学对于理解植物进化至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了生成一个完全分阶段,染色体规模的欧洲梨 ("d'Anjou") 基因组组合.
  • 为了使基因组辅助育种和对梨进行比较基因组研究.

主要方法:

  • 他们使用了PacBio HiFi和Dovetail Omni-C测序技术.
  • 高质量的DNA测序数据被用于基因组组装.
  • 对基因注释和合成评估进行了生物信息分析.

主要成果:

  • 一个分阶段的,染色体规模的基因组组合Pyrus communis'd'Anjou'成功生成.
  • 该组件包括17个染色体,每个单双型的总数为~540 Mb,连续的N50为~14 Mb.
  • 在梨类平分类型和果 (Malus domestica) 基因组之间观察到高合成率.
  • 每个单基因型注释了大约4.5万个基因,其中90%以上是由RNA-seq数据支持的.
  • 发现了果和梨之间共享的全基因组重复事件的特征,其中57%的"d'Anjou"基因保留在重复中.

结论:

  • 阶段双体组合为欧洲梨提供了全面的遗传资源.
  • 这种基因组组装将促进未来对梨子遗传学,育种和进化研究的研究.
  • 阶段组合对于等高度异合体的作物是有价值的,捕捉了完全的等位基多样性.