儿童比成年人更重视动物:一个概念复制和扩展
Mariola Paruzel-Czachura1,2, Maximilian Maier3, Roksana Warmuz4
1University of Pennsylvania, USA.
Personality & social psychology bulletin
|January 9, 2024
概括
波兰儿童,像他们的美国同龄人一样,表现出比成年人弱的倾向,优先考虑人类而不是动物. 在伤害和利益情景中观察到道德估值的这种发育差异.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 道德心理学道德心理学
- 比较认知能力的比较
背景情况:
- 以前的研究表明,美国儿童比成年人更不重视人类而不是动物.
- 了解人与动物价值观的跨文化发展趋势对于道德心理学至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查6至9岁的波兰儿童是否比波兰成年人优先考虑人类而不是动物.
- 在一个新的文化背景下,在概念上复制和扩展关于人与动物道德价值的年龄相关差异的发现.
主要方法:
- 一项预先注册的研究,包括来自波兰的412名参与者 (儿童和成年人).
- 参与者完成了道德困境,包括在危害 (托利车问题) 和利益 (零食分配) 的场景中优先考虑人类与动物 (狗,黑猩猩).
主要成果:
- 与波兰成年人相比,在69岁的波兰儿童中,优先考虑人类而不是动物的倾向明显较低.
- 这种与年龄相关的人类-动物道德评价差异在伤害预防和利益提供两难境遇中一致.
- 儿童和成年人都表现出更强烈的偏好,优先考虑人类而不是黑猩猩,而不是狗.
结论:
- 在美国观察到的人类-动物道德评价的发育差异似乎对波兰儿童来说很普遍.
- 优先考虑人类而不是动物福利的年龄相关区别存在于危害和益处的环境中.
- 动物的类型 (黑猩猩与狗) 影响了人类在不同年龄段对动物的优先考虑程度.
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