在小麦的定量形态特征的多样化
Yixiang Shan1, Colin P Osborne1
1Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
Annals of botany
|January 9, 2024
概括
小麦的化涉及1万年来显著的形态变化,不同的特征具有不同的进化路径. 现代的小麦品种是渐进和间断的选择事件的结果.
科学领域:
- 植物科学 植物科学
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 农业科学 农业科学
背景情况:
- 农作物植物形态是由通过选择的化形成的.
- 野生小麦为现代育种提供了宝贵的遗传变异.
- 小麦养特征的确切时间和序列尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 定义小麦在不同进化阶段的形态空间.
- 了解在化过程中小麦的形态轨迹.
- 为了确定什么时候出现了关键的农业学重要特征.
主要方法:
- 种植和测量了142个小麦接口.
- 代表了小麦进化的不同阶段,包括三个独立的化事件.
- 将形态特征进行比较,以定义每个组的形态空间.
主要成果:
- 野生小麦和养小麦占据重叠的,但却是不同的形态空间.
- 聚化增加了叶子和种子的生物量,主要是减少了耕种者.
- 化增加了叶子和种子的大小,植物的高度和立的建筑,提高了谷物产量.
- 兰德雷斯的改进将资源集中在主要茎上,增加了茎的厚度和旗叶的大小.
- 绿色革命的育种减少了植物的高度,以提高收获指数和产量.
- 现代小麦比陆地品种表现出更直立的叶子和更大的花生物质.
结论:
- 小麦特征的进化有所变化:一些特征逐渐变化 (叶子大小,谷物重量),另一些则间歇变化 (树冠结构),有些则反向变化 (植物高度,花生物量).
- 在农业学上重要的特征出现在小麦超过1万年的形态演变的不同阶段.
- 现代小麦是复杂,多阶段进化过程的产物.
相关概念视频
Trihybrid Crosses
23.3K
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
23.3K
Dihybrid Crosses
74.9K
Overview
74.9K
Polygenic Traits
65.8K
When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
65.8K
Chi-square Analysis
38.2K
The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...
38.2K
Light Acquisition
8.5K
In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
8.5K
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
18.9K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
18.9K


