在动物视觉,听觉和嗅觉系统的早期中央电路中,剥夺诱导的可塑性
Li Huang1, Francesca Hardyman1, Megan Edwards1
1Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom.
eNeuro
|January 9, 2024
概括
动物的感官剥夺揭示了视觉,听觉和嗅觉的共同可塑性机制. 短期的剥夺会减少活动,而较长的时间会引起质,突触和结构变化.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 感官系统生物学 生物学
- 比较生理学比较生理学
背景情况:
- 活动依赖的神经元可塑性使其能够适应不断变化的感官环境.
- 研究传统上侧重于感官皮层,但可塑性在感官器官和皮层下继电器点中也至关重要.
- 关键问题仍然是关于共享可塑性机制和跨感官模式的持续时间依赖的影响.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和对动物视觉,听觉和嗅觉剥夺的研究进行元分析.
- 在第一个中央突触处研究剥夺诱导的可塑性的常见细胞机制.
- 通过不同的方式,将可塑性机制与感官剥夺的持续时间联系起来.
主要方法:
- 系统的文献搜索和对91项动物研究的元分析 (39项视觉,22项听觉,30项嗅觉).
- 对同类区域的可塑性进行检查:侧面生殖细胞核/上侧结核 (视觉),耳细胞核 (听觉) 和嗅觉球 (嗅觉).
- 分析出版趋势,实验方法,可塑性措施和报告实践.
主要成果:
- 在感官模式的研究趋势和方法中存在实质性的异质性.
- 在与剥夺持续时间相关的可塑性机制中出现了共同点:短期 (≤1天) 减少活动/增加抑制;中期 (1天-1周) 涉及质变化/突触重塑;长期 (>1周) 导致结构变化.
- 确定了受影响的特定大脑区域:侧面生殖细胞核,上侧结核,耳细胞核和嗅觉球泡.
结论:
- 尽管方法异质,但不同的可塑性机制与各种模式的感觉剥夺持续时间有关.
- 标准化研究方法和报告对于推动该领域的发展至关重要.
- 交叉模式合成为神经系统对从外周到皮层区域的感觉损失的补偿提供了宝贵的见解.
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