侧面的下丘脑谷氨基基输入到VTA谷氨基基神经元中介,优先考虑与生俱来的防御行为,而不是食
M Flavia Barbano1, Shiliang Zhang2, Emma Chen1,3
1Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Nature communications
|January 9, 2024
概括
侧向下丘脑 (LH) 的神经元向腹部体区域 (VTA) 发出信号,促进逃跑行为. 抑制这些LH-Glutamatergic输入到VTA可以防止捕食者诱导的食抑制在小鼠.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 行为神经科学 行为神经科学
- 电路设计 电路设计
背景情况:
- 侧向下丘脑 (LH) 通过与诸如腹部垂体区域 (VTA) 等大脑区域的连接来调节食和防御反应.
- LH-Glutamatergic神经元主要突触到VTA-Glutamatergic神经元,而不是VTA-多巴胺神经元.
研究的目的:
- 研究LH-Glutamatergic输入到VTA在调节养和防御行为中的作用.
- 为了阐明特定的VTA神经元群体调解掠食者诱导的食抑制.
主要方法:
- 对LH-Glutamatergic输入到VTA的光遗传学操纵 (光抑制).
- 涉及捕食者暴露和小鼠食试验的行为测试.
- 特定于VTA的神经元除 (向多巴胺,GABA或谷氨酸性神经元).
主要成果:
- 通过LH-Glutamatergic输入到VTA,可以促进积极的回避,厌恶和逃跑行为.
- 这些输入的光抑制消除了掠食者诱导的食抑制.
- 捕食者诱导的食抑制是由VTA-glutamatergic神经元介导的,而不是VTA-多巴胺或GABA神经元.
结论:
- 一个新的神经回路存在,其中LH-Glutamatergic神经元投射到VTA-Glutamatergic神经元.
- 这个电路优先考虑逃跑而不是食,并在应对威胁时调解从食到逃跑的切换.
相关概念视频
Regulation of Food Intake
233
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
233
Primary Motives: Hunger and Thirst
196
Hunger and thirst are fundamental physiological drives crucial for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the survival of both humans and animals. These drives are regulated through complex interactions between the brain, hormones, and sensory receptors.
Hunger arises when the brain detects changes in the body's nutrient levels, including glucose, lipids, amino acids, and hormones such as ghrelin and leptin. The hypothalamus plays a central role in hunger regulation. The lateral hypothalamus...
Hunger arises when the brain detects changes in the body's nutrient levels, including glucose, lipids, amino acids, and hormones such as ghrelin and leptin. The hypothalamus plays a central role in hunger regulation. The lateral hypothalamus...
196
Instinctive Drift
225
Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
225
Neural Regulation
39.4K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
39.4K
Timing and Consequences on Behavior
95
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective.
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
95
The Physiology of Taste
3.9K
The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
3.9K


