减少社区老年人孤独感的干预措施:系统审查和元分析
Paul G Shekelle1,2,3, Isomi M Miake-Lye4,5, Meron M Begashaw4
1Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA. paul.shekelle@va.gov.
Journal of general internal medicine
|January 10, 2024
概括
基于团体的治疗和互联网培训在减少老年人孤独感方面取得了适度的成功. 这些干预措施有可能改善社区环境中的社会联系和福祉.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 孤独率,特别是在老年人中,已经上升,促使政策和提供者的注意.
- 之前的系统性审查还没有对治疗孤独症的干预有效性得出最终结论.
- 随着COVID-19的流行,这个问题更加严重,人们越来越关注社会隔离的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析旨在减少社区成年人孤独感的干预措施的证据.
- 根据严格的研究设计,评估各种社会干预措施的有效性.
- 提供证据,以告知解决老年孤独问题的方案的发展.
主要方法:
- 搜索了多个数据库 (例如,PubMed,PsycINFO) 和灰色文献,寻找2011-2021年的研究.
- 包括随机对照试验 (RCT) 和针对孤独的干预措施的观察性研究.
- 排除了来自低收入/中等收入国家的研究,以及那些专注于单一疾病人口的研究.
主要成果:
- 中等确定性证据表明,以小组为基础的治疗可以减少孤独感 (SMD RCT = -0.27).
- 中等确定性证据表明,互联网培训可以减少孤独感 (SMD RCT = -0.22).
- 低确定性证据表明,团体炼可能会在很小程度上减少孤独感.
结论:
- 基于团体的治疗和互联网培训与老年人中适度的孤独感减少有关.
- 群体炼可能对减少孤独感有点好处.
- 研究结果支持基于证据的干预措施的设计和补充的好处,以打击孤独.
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