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监测固体器官移植的非侵入性分子生物标志物:一个全面的概述
Jeffy J Fernando1, Raja Biswas1, Lalitha Biswas1
1Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
International journal of immunogenetics
|January 10, 2024
概括
分子生物标志物有助于检测固体器官移植排斥. 新兴的非侵入性测试显示了早期检测和监测的前景,可能改善患者的治疗结果并减少对活检的依赖.
科学领域:
- 移植免疫学 移植免疫学
- 分子诊断学 分子诊断学
- 发现生物标志物的发现.
背景情况:
- 固体器官移植对于末期器官衰竭至关重要,但面临着持续的移植拒绝风险.
- 移植拒绝风险受到捐赠者-接受者兼容性的影响,包括人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 和非HLA因素.
- 目前的移植后监测严重依赖于侵入性活检,需要先进的检测方法.
研究的目的:
- 审查分子生物标志物在固体器官移植中的重要性.
- 探索传统和新兴分子生物标志物的临床潜力,以检测和管理排斥.
- 突出这些生物标志物的优点和局限性,以改善移植结果.
主要方法:
- 传统分子生物标志物的审查:HLA类型,抗HLA抗体,杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体基因型和抗MHC类1相关链A抗体.
- 探索新兴的分子生物标志物:来自捐赠者的无细胞DNA,微RNA,外体和脏固体器官反应测试.
- 分析生物标志物的作用,以评估供体与受体的相容性,检测早期排斥,并监测移植状况.
主要成果:
- 传统的生物标志物对于最初的捐赠者-接受者兼容性评估至关重要.
- 接受者血液中的新兴非侵入性生物标志物为早期拒绝检测提供了潜在的潜力.
- 分子生物标志物可以帮助监测移植状况并评估免疫抑制疗法的疗效.
结论:
- 分子生物标志物是固体器官移植中必不可少的工具,补充了传统方法.
- 新兴的非侵入性生物标志物对改善早期检测和移植拒绝的管理具有重大前景.
- 需要进一步的研究和临床验证,才能将这些生物标志物完全纳入常规的移植后护理.
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