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相关概念视频

Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

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An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
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The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
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Induction01:16

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An emf is induced when the magnetic field in a coil is changed by pushing a bar magnet into or out of the coil. emfs of opposite signs are produced by motion in opposite directions, and the directions of emfs are also reversed by reversing poles. The same results are produced if the coil is moved rather than the magnet—it is the relative motion that is important. The faster the motion, the greater the emf. Additionally, there is no emf when the magnet is stationary relative to the coil.
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Magnetic flux depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field, the area through which the field lines pass, and the field's orientation with respect to the surface area. If any of these quantities vary, a corresponding variation in magnetic flux occurs. If the area through which the magnetic field lines are passing changes, then the magnetic flux also changes. This change in the area can be of two types: the flux through the rectangular loop increases as it moves into the...
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Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
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James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws...
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Updated: Jul 5, 2025

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
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由外部电磁场引起的内部转换.

R R Valiev1, R T Nasibullin2, B S Merzlikin2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. valievrashid@gmail.com.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP
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PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

外部电场显著影响内部转换率常数 (k_IC),与高电场强度的k_IC本身相比. 在典型的实验条件下,磁场对k_IC的影响微不足道.

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科学领域:

  • 物理化学 物理化学
  • 计算化学的计算化学
  • 光物理学的光学物理学

背景情况:

  • 内部转化 (k_IC) 是一个关键的光物理过程,影响分子激发状态寿命.
  • 外部电场和磁场可能会影响分子电子特性和动态.
  • 了解场诱导效应对于解释涉及强场的实验至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种方法来计算电磁场对内部转换率常数 (k_IC) 的贡献.
  • 量化这些场对代表分子的k_IC的影响.
  • 评估这些效应在各种实验环境中的相关性.

主要方法:

  • 开发一种新的理论框架来计算对k_IC的现场诱导贡献.
  • 将该方法应用于七个不同的分子系统.
  • 在不同场强度下估计k_IC-E和k_IC-M的贡献.

主要成果:

  • 外部电场 (k_IC-E) 可以显著增强k_IC,通常与10^11 V m^-1.的无电场速率相匹配.
  • 对于特定的分子 (例如,绿色的氨酸),即使在 10^9 V m^-1.0 时,也观察到显著的 k_IC-E 效应.
  • 磁场对k_IC的贡献 (k_IC-M) 在陆地条件下可以忽略不计,但在极端天体物理环境中是显著的.

结论:

  • 电场对k_IC的影响必须在使用强电场的实验 (例如,等离子体学,激光场研究) 的光物理计算中考虑.
  • 磁场对k_IC的影响在地球上通常是可以忽略不计的,但对于中子星和白矮星附近的天体物理现象是很重要的.
  • 这项工作为预测和理解场依赖光物理过程提供了一个新的工具.