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利用先前存在的流感病毒特异性免疫力增加了对SARS-CoV-2的抗体反应

Harrison Dulin^1,2, Ramya S Barre³, Duo Xu¹

¹Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.

Journal of virology

|January 11, 2024

概括

通过一种新型NP/RBD疫苗发挥先前的流感免疫力,显著提高了SARS-CoV-2中和抗体和在小鼠中单剂后的保护. 这种方法提高了疫苗的有效性,为未来的流行病做好准备.

科学领域:

免疫学和病毒学
疫苗开发疫苗开发

背景情况:

目前的疫苗通常需要多次剂量,以达到高中和抗体标位,并且在单次剂量后效果不佳.
在涉及新型病毒的流行病情景中,发展快速的保护性免疫力至关重要.

研究的目的:

设计一种候选疫苗,在单剂量后引发增强的保护性免疫反应.
调查是否对流感A病毒 (H1N1 PR8) 存在的免疫力可以促进对SARS-CoV-2受体结合域 (RBD) 的抗体反应.

主要方法:

一种融合蛋白疫苗 (NP/RBD) 是通过结合流感H1N1 PR8核蛋白 (NP) 和SARS-CoV-2尖峰RBD.的方法创建的.
具有或没有先前的PR8免疫的小鼠接种了NP/RBD疫苗,随后受到SARS-CoV-2的挑战.
评估了中和抗体标位,预防发病/死亡率和病毒载量. 还研究了CD4阳性T细胞的作用.

主要成果:

与没有PR8免疫力的小鼠相比,具有先前存在的PR8免疫力的小鼠表现出明显更高的SARS-CoV-2中和抗体.
单剂量NP/RBD疫苗接种提供了对SARS-CoV-2引起的发病率和死亡率的保护.
在接种疫苗的小鼠中,SARS-CoV-2无法检测到具有先前PR8免疫力的疫苗,而在没有疫苗的小鼠中可以检测到,这表明病毒载量减少.

结论:

预先存在的免疫力可以被利用来增强疫苗诱导的抗体对抗新型病原体的反应,如SARS-CoV-2.
NP/RBD融合蛋白疫苗提供了一个有希望的单剂量策略,用于快速预防SARS-CoV-2.
这种方法有可能通过向其他新兴病毒,在未来的流行病准备中得到更广泛的应用.

关键词:

这就是SARS-CoV-2病毒.新出现的病毒病毒.疫苗疫苗疫苗疫苗病毒学病毒学

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