七种中食动物的日常活动重叠是否根据人类的发展而有所不同?
Leah E McTigue1, Ellery V Lassiter1, Mike Shaw1
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.
PloS one
|January 11, 2024
概括
野生动物活动模式随着人类的发展而变化,但大多数物种仍然是夜间活动,保持高度的时间重叠. 竞争和掠食压力并没有显著改变这些中食动物的活动时间.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物行为 野生动物行为
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 野生动物物种经常调整他们的活动时间表,以避免占主导地位的竞争对手和捕食者.
- 人类发展引入了复杂的环境变化,这些变化可以影响野生动物的相互作用和活动模式.
- 了解食动物群落如何对人类活动做出反应,对于预测生态动态至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查人类发展梯度如何影响七种哺乳动物中肉食动物物种的活动模式和时间重叠.
- 为了确定跨物种竞争和掠食风险是否会改变活动时间以应对人类存在.
主要方法:
- 利用了美国国家摄像机陷计划"快照"的数据.
- 分析了人类发展不同阶段的七种中肉食动物物种的活动模式和时间重叠.
- 比较了包括小狼 (Canis latrans) 和弗吉尼亚子 (Didelphis virginiana) 在内的物种的活动时间.
主要成果:
- 猎 (Canis latrans) 在人类发达程度高和中等的地区,夜间活动增加.
- 红狐 (Vulpes vulpes) 在高度发达的地区转向夜幕活动.
- 大多数物种仍然主要是夜间活动,导致持续高的时间活动重叠,只有鱼和子表现出改变的重叠.
结论:
- 虽然猎犬和红狐在响应人类发展时修改了他们的活动,但整体的跨物种压力并没有显著改变时间活动模式.
- 大多数中食动物的高夜间活动表明,尽管人类的发育水平各不相同,但时间分区有限.
- 这项研究突出了面临人类侵占的一般性中肉食动物群体中时间活动模式的弹性.
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