上亚马逊地区两千年的花园城市化
Stéphen Rostain1, Antoine Dorison2, Geoffroy de Saulieu3
1Archaeology of the Americas (UMR8096), French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paris, France.
概括
在厄瓜多尔的乌帕诺山谷发现了大量的西班牙语前城市中心和复杂的道路网络. 这种古老的亚马逊发展,可以追溯到公元前500年至公元600年,与玛雅城市主义相美.
科学领域:
- 考古学
- 南美史前时期
- 亚马逊文明
背景情况:
- 在亚马逊地区的厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉东部的乌帕诺山谷发现了密集的西班牙人前城市中心.
- 这一发现揭示了上亚马逊地区前所未有的社会复杂性和景观变化.
研究的目的:
- 记录和分析乌帕诺山谷新发现的城市中心和相关基础设施.
- 建立人类占领和景观变化的时间框架和规模.
主要方法:
- 现场工作,包括考古发掘工作.
- 光探测和测距 (LIDAR) 分析以绘制景观和识别结构.
主要成果:
- 识别了众多纪念碑式的平台,广场和街道,形成了不同的城市集群.
- 发现一条庞大而复杂的道路系统, 一些道路长达数十公里, 连接城市中心.
- 包括排水和露台在内的重大农业改造的证据,表明大量的定居人口.
结论:
- 至少在公元前500年至公元后600年间,阿帕诺山谷曾经拥有一个庞大的有组织的社会,拥有复杂的城市化和广泛的基础设施.
- 这种早期的亚马逊城市发展在规模和复杂性上与墨西哥和危地马拉的当代玛雅系统相似.
- 这些发现挑战了关于亚马逊盆地的早期社会发展规模有限的先前看法.
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