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在气球模拟风险任务中对顺序决策的双过程建模

Ran Zhou¹, Mark A Pitt²

¹School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.

Cognitive psychology

|January 11, 2024

概括

这项研究使用双流程理论模拟了顺序性风险承担. 最好的模型显示系统1和系统2在竞争性互动中相互作用,影响像气球模拟风险任务 (BART) 这样的任务中的决策.

科学领域:

认知心理学认知心理学
计算神经科学是一种计算神经科学.
决策科学科学决策科学

背景情况:

了解顺序风险承担至关重要,因为人们经常面临不确定的决策.
双过程理论假设有两个认知系统:系统1 (快速,自动) 和系统2 (缓慢,有意识).
在像气球模拟风险任务 (BART) 这样的任务中,决策的计算基础仍然不清楚.

研究的目的:

在连续的风险承担任务中以计算方式建模决策过程.
评估不同的双流程模型架构来解释BART中的行为.
确定系统1和系统2在风险决策过程中如何相互作用.

主要方法:

通过将BART模型与系统1和系统2的各种架构相结合,开发了一组计算双过程模型.
使用性能指标评估模型,包括参数识别,模型恢复和预测准确性.
使用BART的缩放目标学习模型进行评估.

主要成果:

最优的模型是系统1和系统2之间的竞争性连接.
这种表现最好的模型包含了对试验数量,抽取机会和系统1偏差敏感的评估率.
通过参数识别,模型恢复和预测准确性来评估模型性能.

结论:

快速的 (系统1) 和缓慢的 (系统2) 认知过程之间的竞争性相互作用最好地解释了连续的冒险行为.
在双流程框架内,建模选择和响应时间提高了对风险决策的理解.
研究结果提供了对连续任务中不确定性和风险背后的认知机制的见解.

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