疫情后对SARS-CoV-2的T细胞记忆反应是持久的,广泛向的,并且对高突变的BA.2.86变种具有交叉反应
Rofhiwa Nesamari1, Millicent A Omondi1, Richard Baguma1
1Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Cell host & microbe
|January 11, 2024
概括
疫苗接种和感染的混合免疫力产生了对抗SARS-CoV-2变异的持久T细胞记忆,包括像BA.2.86.6.这样的Omicron亚系. 这种持续的免疫反应提供了针对严重的COVID-19的交叉反应性保护.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 继续演变,Omicron血统 (例如XBB.1) 和高突变变种 (例如BA.2.86) 构成持续的公共卫生挑战.
- 持久且交叉反应的T细胞免疫记忆对于持续保护严重的COVID-19至关重要,特别是在面对病毒进化的情况下.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究T细胞免疫记忆反应对SARS-CoV-2的特征,大约在Omicron出现后1.5年.
- 评估T细胞对当前和新出现的SARS-CoV-2变种的交叉反应性,包括BA.2.86.
主要方法:
- 在南非接种疫苗的卫生保健工作者中分析CD4+和CD8+T细胞反应 (n=39) 具有SARS-CoV-2感染史.
- 对T细胞特异性和对各种SARS-CoV-2变异的交叉反应性的评估,包括Omicron亚系.
- 针对SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞的差异化表型的表征,以了解反应持久性.
主要成果:
- 观察到持续的CD4+和CD8+尖端特异性的T细胞记忆反应.
- 尖端特异性T细胞对所有测试的Omicron变体,包括BA.2.86.6,表现出高的交叉反应性.
- 大多数参与者有可检测的核囊和膜特异性T细胞,反应显示出早期分化的表型,这有助于它们的持久性.
- 混合免疫导致了尖峰特异性T细胞和非尖峰特异性T细胞的积累,保持了高度突变变体的识别.
结论:
- 混合免疫力赋予长期和交叉反应性T细胞对抗SARS-CoV-2的记忆,包括高度突变的变种.
- 这些T细胞反应的持久性与它们早期差异化的表型有关.
- 这些发现强调了T细胞免疫在提供广泛和持久的保护对演变的SARS-CoV-2菌株的重要性.
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