相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 5, 2025

07:58
Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood
Published on: July 11, 2019
7.4K
对临床和多基因生殖系对体质突变负担的影响的综合分析
Kodi Taraszka1, Stefan Groha2, David King3
1Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
American journal of human genetics
|January 11, 2024
概括
主体遗传和非遗传因素显著影响瘤突变负担 (TMB) 和副本数负担 (CNB). 这些因素影响癌症患者的结果,特别是免疫疗法患者的存活率,突显了生殖系遗传在体质进化中的作用.
科学领域:
- 癌症基因组学 癌症基因组学
- 身体进化的体质进化
- 生物标志物发现发现
背景情况:
- 瘤突变负担 (TMB) 和副本数负担 (CNB) 是关键的体质特征和免疫治疗生物标志物.
- 了解对TMB/CNB的遗传和非遗传影响及其对患者结果的影响至关重要,但有限.
研究的目的:
- 在多种癌症类型中调查影响TMB和CNB的生殖系和非遗传因素.
- 探索TMB/CNB,宿主特征和整体存活率 (OS) 之间的关系,特别是在免疫治疗的背景下.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自17种癌症类型的23,000名个体的生殖线和体质数据.
- 对>12,000个人的临床,治疗和OS数据的整合.
- 利用门德尔的随机化来评估暴露对体质突变过程的因果关系.
主要成果:
- 确定了TMB/CNB与年龄和性别等临床因素之间的关联.
- 发现了显著的生殖系影响,包括吸烟,晒黑,白细胞计数和教育程度的欧洲祖先和多基因风险评分 (PRS).
- 观察到TMB/CNB相关特征也与OS相关,社会经济地位可能会在免疫治疗中改变TMB-生物标志物-生存关系.
结论:
- 宿主特征,包括生殖系遗传学,显著塑造体质变异积累.
- TMB和CNB受到遗传,环境和人口因素的复杂相互作用的影响.
- 生殖系遗传学和社会经济因素可能会改变TMB作为免疫治疗结果的预测生物标志物的实用性.
相关概念视频
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
13.4K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
13.4K
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
11.9K
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
11.9K
Mismatch Repair
4.9K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
4.9K
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs
17.7K
Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
17.7K
Mutations
82.4K
Overview
82.4K
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
15.1K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
15.1K

