2020年免疫计划格局:试点使用评估指标来评估全国免疫计划在整个生命周期中的成熟度
Shoshanna Goldin1, Ann Moen2, William J Moss1
1Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
Vaccine
|January 11, 2024
概括
这项研究引入了一种新的指标,用于评估国家免疫计划在所有生命阶段的成熟度. 儿童疫苗接种计划的成熟度高于成人计划,突出了改善生命周期免疫策略的领域.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 免疫接种计划 免疫接种计划
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 建议终身接种疫苗,但全球投资主要集中在儿童免疫.
- 最近的流行病强调了成年人疫苗接种计划的重要性,需要一种方法来评估他们的成熟度.
- 现有的覆盖率估计不足以评估成年人疫苗接种计划,强调需要新的评估工具.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较国家生命周期免疫计划在COVID-19疫苗广泛引入之前的程序成熟度.
- 试行一种标准化的定量指标,用于评估全国免疫计划在整个生命周期中的成熟度.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种标准化的方法,并与专家进行咨询,以评估整个生命周期的免疫计划成熟度.
- 选择了五种代表性疫苗:白喉毒素和百日咳 (DTP),含麻疹疫苗 (MCV),人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV),肺炎球菌联合疫苗 (PCV) 和季节性流感疫苗.
- 根据国家政策,计划持续时间和疫苗接种情况,创建了"疫苗特定成熟度评分" (每种疫苗最多5分) 和"生命周期成熟度评分" (最多25分).
主要成果:
- 超过55%的世卫组织成员国对儿童疫苗 (DTP,MCV,PCV) 有政策,而60%的人对HPV有政策,52%的人对季节性流感有政策.
- 与青少年 (HPV) 和成人 (季节性流感) 计划相比,儿童疫苗接种计划 (MCV,DTP) 的成熟度得分更高.
- 全球范围内,国家生命历程成熟度得分各不相同,中位数为12 (IQR:8-16),从1到23不等.
结论:
- 试点指标提供了一种灵活,快速的对终身免疫计划成熟度的评估.
- 调查结果确定了在COVID-19疫苗推出之前免疫计划成熟度的基线.
- 该指标及其适应可以随着时间的推移监测国家免疫计划的演变.
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