在获得公共服务方面存在种族歧视和行政负担
Elizabeth Bell1, Sebastian Jilke2
1The Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA. Elizabethbell012@gmail.com.
Scientific reports
|January 11, 2024
概括
当官僚优先考虑更容易的客户时,公共服务中的种族歧视可能会发生. 这项研究发现,黑人申请者在进入特许学校时面临更高的负担,但随着绩效信息的增加,差异减少了.
科学领域:
- 公共管理 公共管理
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
背景情况:
- 平等获得公共服务对于民主社会至关重要.
- 官僚歧视,或官员对待的差异化,有助于持续的不平等.
- 种族歧视可以作为一种"奶油脱脂"策略,当经济激励有利于服务"更容易"的客户.
研究的目的:
- 调查官僚歧视的因果机制.
- 为了确定种族歧视是否被用作公共服务获取中的"奶油脱脂"策略.
- 测试假设,群体水平的绩效信息是强加于种族少数群体的个人,而没有客户特定的绩效数据.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项全国范围的电子邮件通信审计实验.
- 该实验包括美国所有特许学校校长 (n=5850).
- 代表不同种族群体 (黑人和白人) 的电子邮件别名被用来评估差异性待遇.
主要成果:
- 与白色别名相比,黑色电子邮件别名在寻求特许学校访问时遇到的行政负担要高得多,因为没有性能信号.
- 当潜在客户的直接绩效信号被引入时,行政负担的种族差异减少了.
- 这些发现支持"奶油脱脂"假设作为官僚歧视机制.
结论:
- 官僚歧视可能是由经济激励驱动的,以优先考虑某些客户群.
- 种族歧视在这种"奶油脱脂"过程中发挥了作用,特别是当客户信息有限时.
- 政策干预应考虑如何减轻服务获取方面的偏见,特别是在没有明确的绩效指标的情况下.
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