固体器官移植后的血液感染:临床流行病学和抗菌素耐药性 (2016-21)
Max W Adelman1,2,3,4, Ashton A Connor5,6,7, Enshuo Hsu8
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
JAC-antimicrobial resistance
|January 12, 2024
概括
固体器官移植接受者面临来自多药耐药生物体 (MDROs) 的血液感染 (BSIs). 肝移植患者的MDRO率最高,而抗万科胺素的肠球菌与增加的死亡率有关.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 移植医学 移植医学
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 固体器官移植 (SOT) 接受者是易受血流感染 (BSI) 的脆弱人群.
- 多药耐药生物 (MDROs) 对SOT接受者构成重大威胁,并使感染管理复杂化.
- 了解SOT后的BSI和MDRO的流行病学对于患者的治疗结果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过各种SOT程序,在一年内调查BSI的发病率和特征.
- 为了确定在SOT接受者中MDRO感染的流行率.
- 为了确定与SOT患者的BSI死亡率相关的风险因素.
主要方法:
- 这是一项回顾性,单中心研究,涉及脏,肝脏,心脏和多器官移植接受者.
- 移植后一年内发生的BSI的分析.
- 关键病原体的MDRO表型的分类,包括黄金葡萄球菌,肠球菌,肠杆菌,Pseudomonas aeruginosa和Candida物种.
- 在不同SOT类型中比较BSI流行病学,并确定死亡率预测因素.
主要成果:
- 整体BSI发病率为8.5%,多器官 (23.1%) 和肝脏 (11.3%) 移植后观察到更高的发病率.
- 在196名BSI患者中,45.5%患有MDROs引起的感染,最常见的是肝移植接受者 (53.4%).
- 抗菌素的肠球菌 (VRE) 是肠球菌中最常见的MDRO (69.8%),ESBL产生和耐卡巴胺的肠球菌普遍存在.
- 在BSI后的90天死亡率为9.7%,VRE与死亡率增加独立相关 (aOR 6.0).
结论:
- 在SOT后的血液感染发生在8.5%的患者中,其中很大一部分 (45.5%) 涉及MDROs,特别是在肝移植后.
- 这些发现强调了针对抗微生物药物管理计划的必要性.
- 局部抗菌素耐药性数据和处方实践应为SOT接受者的实证抗菌素选择提供信息,以改善临床结果.
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