饮食障碍患者的结果:跨诊断和疾病特定的系统性审查,元分析和多变量元回归分析
Marco Solmi1,2,3,4,5, Francesco Monaco6,7, Mikkel Højlund8
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
概括
这项系统性审查发现,46%的饮食障碍患者康复,康复率随着时间的推移而增加. 慢性影响25%的患者,死亡率低但显著,突出需要改进研究和临床护理.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 饮食障碍 (ED) 与高死亡率和慢性病程有关.
- 最近对ED结果进行了全面的系统审查是缺乏的.
研究的目的:
- 进行对DSM/ICD定义的ED结果的系统审查和元分析.
- 检查恢复,改善,复发,住院,慢性和死亡率.
- 分析不同ED诊断和患者人口统计数据的结果.
主要方法:
- 对队列研究和临床试验 (1980-2021) 的系统审查和元分析.
- 包括415项涉及88372名参与者的研究,涉及各种ED (AN,BN,BED,OSFED).
- 对ED总体结果,特定症状相关结果和死亡率的分析.
主要成果:
- 总体康复率为46%,随着随访时间的延长而增加 (在≥10年时高达67%).
- 慢性影响了25%的患者,随着长时间的随访期,患者的发病率下降.
- 总的来说,死亡率为0.4%,在EDS之间存在差异 (例如,观察性研究中5.2例死亡/1000人年).
- 住院率因ED类型而异 (32%为AN,4%为BN).住院率因ED类型而异.
- 在ED之间观察到诊断迁移.
- 儿童和青少年的结果比成年人更为有利.
- 自伤行为与较低的恢复率有关.
- 基于家庭的治疗,CBT,精神动力疗法和营养干预与AN的更高康复率有关.
结论:
- 从ED中恢复是可以实现的,特别是在治疗时间较长的情况下.
- 长期性仍然是一个重大问题,需要持续的管理策略.
- 死亡率凸显了ED的严重程度以及及时干预的必要性.
- 青少年和儿童通常会经历更好的结果.
- 具体的心理治疗和营养干预措施在改善康复率方面显示出有希望.
- 进一步的研究和优化的临床实践对于改善ED患者的治疗结果至关重要.
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